Effects of mosquito age and batch size on knockdown and mortality of laboratory-reared Anopheles dirus, Anopheles minimus, and wild-caught Anopheles harrisoni (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed to transfluthrin using WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays

WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays are currently available for insecticide resistance monitoring and malaria transmission research. Multiple parameters including mosquito density, age, and nutritional status may affect the readout in these bioassays' tests. This study aims to assess the effects...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical entomology 2024-03, Vol.61 (2), p.427-441
Main Authors: Saeung, Manop, Ngoen-Klan, Ratchadawan, Yan, Chanly, Kerdsawang, Jutamas, Nararak, Jirod, Manguin, Sylvie, Hii, Jeffrey, Chareonviriyaphap, Theeraphap
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Anopheles
Anopheles dirus
Anopheles harrisoni
Anopheles minimus
Aquatic insects
Bioassays
Culicidae
Disease transmission
Exposure
insecticide
Insecticide resistance
Insecticides
Malaria
Medical laboratories
Mortality
Mosquitoes
Nutritional status
Pesticide resistance
vector
VECTOR CONTROL, PEST MANAGEMENT, RESISTANCE, REPELLENTS
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
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Summary:WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays are currently available for insecticide resistance monitoring and malaria transmission research. Multiple parameters including mosquito density, age, and nutritional status may affect the readout in these bioassays' tests. This study aims to assess the effects of experimental factors on knockdown and mortality measurements in dominant malaria vectors in Thailand following exposure to sublethal and lethal doses of transfluthrin. The effects of (i) 3 different mosquito batch sizes (5, 10, and 20 individuals) and (ii) 2 age groups (3–5 and 20–23 days old) on outcomes measured using the WHO tube (14.7 µg/cm2) and CDC bottle bioassay discriminating concentration (0.006 µg/cm2) against 2 laboratory strains: Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison and Anopheles minimusTheobald (species A) and wild-caught Anopheles harrisoni Harbach & Manguin (species C). Our results showed higher knockdown at 1-h exposure using WHO tube and CDC bottle bioassays containing 20 individuals compared to batches containing 10 and 5 individuals. Older mosquitoes showed greater susceptibility than younger test population, especially for An. mininus. Our study supports WHO recommendations for using 3- to 5-day-old mosquitoes. It also validates Praulin et al. (2022) proposal to divide the cohort into smaller batches with more test replicates when it is not practicable to test 25 mosquitoes per replicate.
ISSN:0022-2585
1938-2928
1938-2928
DOI:10.1093/jme/tjae004