Effect of tourist activity on wastewater quality in selected wastewater treatment plants in the Balearic Islands (Spain)

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international 2024-02, Vol.31 (10), p.15172-15185
• Main Authors: Rodríguez-Alcántara, Joselin S., Cruz-Pérez, Noelia, Rodríguez-Martín, Jesica, García-Gil, Alejandro, Santamarta, Juan C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biochemical oxygen demand; Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis; Chemical oxygen demand; Coastal zone; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecosystem; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Islands; Marine ecosystems; Parameters; Research Article; Sewage; Sewage - analysis; Solid suspensions; Spain; Suspended solids; Tourism; Tourist activities; Tourists; Treated water; Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods; Waste Water Technology; Wastewater; Wastewater treatment; Wastewater treatment plants; Water flow; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Water Purification - methods; Water quality; Water treatment
• ISSN: 1614-7499; 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32173-9

Unregulated sewage discharge into the sea poses a considerable danger to marine ecosystems, with coastal regions being particularly vulnerable to this because of the impact of tourism. This issue is amplified during the summer season, as the Balearic Islands are a heavily frequented destination. This study aims to determine the water quality in five different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) representative on the islands. For this purpose, we analysed several parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), treated water flow, suspended solids (SS), nitrates (N) and phosphorus (P), at the inlet and outlet of the WWTPs for 5 years. We set particular thresholds for each parameter and documented any breach by comparing the findings with the existing regulations. The least favourable results indicate non-compliance regarding N and P levels throughout the entire study period, as well as a lack of reduction percentage. Furthermore, flow analysis reflects the significant influence of tourism on water quality, with notable increases in both population and treated water volume during the peak tourist season. Overall, the investigation offers a robust foundation for comprehending water quality in relation to coastal landscape in the Balearic Islands. It pinpoints significant worry spots and underscores tourism’s immediate impact on this ecological feature.