Periodic Lamellae‐Based Nanofibers for Precise Immunomodulation to Treat Inflammatory Bone Loss in Periodontitis

• Published in: Advanced healthcare materials 2024-07, Vol.13 (18), p.e2303549-n/a
• Main Authors: He, Ze, Liu, Yao, Zheng, Zi‐Li, Lv, Jia‐Cheng, Liu, Shi‐Bo, Zhang, Ju, Liu, Hang‐Hang, Xu, Jia‐Zhuang, Li, Zhong‐Ming, Luo, En
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bone growth; Bone loss; Bone marrow; bone regeneration; Cell differentiation; Crystallization; Differentiation (biology); Gum disease; Immunomodulation; Lamellae; Leukocyte migration; macrophage polarization; Macrophages; Microenvironments; Nanofibers; Periodontitis; Phenotypes; Polarization; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Signal transduction; Stromal cells; topographical cues; Yes-associated protein
• ISSN: 2192-2640; 2192-2659; 2192-2659
• DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303549

Periodontitis is a common oral disease accompanied by inflammatory bone loss. The pathological characteristics of periodontitis usually accompany an imbalance in the periodontal immune microenvironment, leading to difficulty in bone regeneration. Therefore, effective treatment strategies are needed to modulate the immune environment in order to treat periodontitis. Here, highly‐oriented periodic lamellae poly(ε‐caprolactone) electrospun nanofibers (PLN) are developed by surface‐directed epitaxial crystallization. The in vitro result shows that the PLN can precisely modulate macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Macrophages polarized by PLN significantly enhance the migration and osteogenic differentiation of Bone marrow stromal cells. Notably, results suggest that the topographical cues presented by PLN can modulate macrophage polarization by activating YAP, which reciprocally inhibits the NF‐κB signaling pathway. The in vivo results indicate that PLN can inhibit inflammatory bone loss and facilitate bone regeneration in periodontitis. The authors’ findings suggest that topographical nanofibers with periodic lamellae is a promising strategy for modulating immune environment to treat inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis. Electrospinning combined with epitaxial crystallization is utilized to fabricate nanofibers with a highly‐oriented periodic lamellae topology that can activate physical signal transduction in macrophages. Then, topographical cues activate macrophages toward M2 polarization, and subsequently, to inhibit inflammatory bone loss in periodontitis. Notably, topographical cues exert their modulatory effect on macrophage polarization by activating YAP to reciprocally inhibit NF‐κB signaling.