Recovery of small rodents from open‐pit marble mining: effects on communities, populations, and individuals

• Published in: Integrative zoology 2024-07, Vol.19 (4), p.728-742
• Main Authors: WU, Nan, WANG, Yao, WANG, Jie, ZHANG, Yaqian, HU, Baoshuang, GUO, Jinyu, ZHENG, Zhenfei, ZHOU, Youbing
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Abundance; disturbance distance; Dominant species; Ecological function; Ecological succession; Ecosystem recovery; Ectoparasites; Environmental restoration; Mice; Mines; Mining; natural recovery succession; open‐pit mine; Population number; Population studies; Recovery; Rodents; Sex ratio; small rodents; Wildlife
• ISSN: 1749-4877; 1749-4869; 1749-4877
• DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12811

Mining can significantly alter landscapes, impacting wildlife and ecosystem functionality. Natural recovery in open‐pit mines is vital for habitat restoration and ecosystem re‐establishment, although few empirical studies have examined this process. Here, we assessed temporal and spatial responses of small rodents at the community, population, and individual levels during natural mine recovery. We examined the abundance, reproductive potential, and individual health of small rodents at active mines and at former mine sites left to recover naturally for approx. 10 and 20 years. We also assessed the effects of disturbance on rodent recovery processes at three distances from the mine boundary. Rodent numbers peaked after 10–13 years of recovery and exhibited the strongest male bias in the sex ratio. The Chinese white‐bellied rat (Niviventer confucianus) was the most abundant species, achieving its highest population abundance at sites abandoned for 10–13 years and thriving at locations closer to the mine boundary. Only Chevrier's field mouse exhibited morphological responses to the mine recovery category. Ectoparasite load was unaffected by mine or distance‐disturbance categories. Both Chevrier's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) and the South China field mouse (Apodemus draco) were affected significantly by vegetation layer cover during recovery succession. Our study highlights the complexities of ecological succession, with a peak in abundance as pioneer communities transition toward a climax seral stage. Careful prior planning and active site management are necessary to optimize abandoned mine recovery. Efforts to accelerate mine recovery through technical restoration should promote conditions that initiate and perpetuate the establishment and succession of wildlife assemblages. We examine the response of spatiotemporal dynamics within the community of small rodents as they respond to the natural recovery of open‐pit marble mining sites at the community, population, and individual levels. We found various effects of the stage of mine recovery on rodent numbers, although without any effects of distance‐disturbance categories and with morphological effects limited to a single species.