Herb‐drug interactions: A short review on central and peripheral nervous system drugs

• Published in: Phytotherapy research 2024-04, Vol.38 (4), p.1903-1931
• Main Authors: Bernardo, João, Valentão, Patrícia
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case reports; central nervous system drugs; Decision making; Drug interaction; Drug interactions; Drugs; Health care; Herbal medicine; Herbs; herb‐drug interactions; medicinal plants; Nervous system; Peripheral nervous system; peripheral nervous system medications; Pharmacodynamics; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacovigilance
• ISSN: 0951-418X; 1099-1573
• DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8120

Herbal medicines are widely perceived as natural and safe remedies. However, their concomitant use with prescribed drugs is a common practice, often undertaken without full awareness of the potential risks and frequently without medical supervision. This practice introduces a tangible risk of herb‐drug interactions, which can manifest as a spectrum of consequences, ranging from acute, self‐limited reactions to unpredictable and potentially lethal scenarios. This review offers a comprehensive overview of herb‐drug interactions, with a specific focus on medications targeting the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems. Our work draws upon a broad range of evidence, encompassing preclinical data, animal studies, and clinical case reports. We delve into the intricate pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics underpinning each interaction, elucidating the mechanisms through which these interactions occur. One pressing issue that emerges from this analysis is the need for updated guidelines and sustained pharmacovigilance efforts. The topic of herb‐drug interactions often escapes the attention of both consumers and healthcare professionals. To ensure patient safety and informed decision‐making, it is imperative that we address this knowledge gap and establish a framework for continued monitoring and education. In conclusion, the use of herbal remedies alongside conventional medications is a practice replete with potential hazards. This review not only underscores the real and significant risks associated with herb‐drug interactions but also underscores the necessity for greater awareness, research, and vigilant oversight in this often‐overlooked domain of healthcare.