Gut enterotype-dependent modulation of gut microbiota and their metabolism in response to xanthohumol supplementation in healthy adults

Xanthohumol (XN), a polyphenol found in the hop plant (Humulus lupulus), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Preclinical evidence suggests the gut microbiome is essential in mediating these bioactivities; however, relatively little is known about XN'...

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Published in:Gut microbes 2024-12, Vol.16 (1), p.2315633
Main Authors: Jamieson, Paige E., Smart, Eli B., Bouranis, John A., Choi, Jaewoo, Danczak, Robert E., Wong, Carmen P., Paraiso, Ines L., Maier, Claudia S., Ho, Emily, Sharpton, Thomas J., Metz, Thomas O., Bradley, Ryan, Stevens, Jan F.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
enterotypes
Flavonoids - pharmacology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gut microbiota
Humans
microbial metabolism
phytochemical
polyphenol
Prebiotics
precision medicine
Propiophenones
Research Paper
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics
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Summary:Xanthohumol (XN), a polyphenol found in the hop plant (Humulus lupulus), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, prebiotic, and anti-hyperlipidemic activity. Preclinical evidence suggests the gut microbiome is essential in mediating these bioactivities; however, relatively little is known about XN's impact on human gut microbiota in vivo. We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03735420) to determine safety and tolerability of XN in healthy adults. Thirty healthy participants were randomized to 24 mg/day XN or placebo for 8 weeks. As secondary outcomes, quantification of bacterial metabolites and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were utilized to explore the relationships between XN supplementation, gut microbiota, and biomarkers of gut health. Although XN did not significantly change gut microbiota composition, it did re-shape individual taxa in an enterotype-dependent manner. High levels of inter-individual variation in metabolic profiles and bioavailability of XN metabolites were observed. Moreover, reductions in microbiota-derived bile acid metabolism were observed, which were specific to Prevotella and Ruminococcus enterotypes. These results suggest interactions between XN and gut microbiota in healthy adults are highly inter-individualized and potentially indicate that XN elicits effects on gut health in an enterotype-dependent manner.
ISSN:1949-0976
1949-0984
1949-0984
DOI:10.1080/19490976.2024.2315633