Good syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis: A literature review

Good syndrome (GS) is a rare primary immunodeficiency in adults consisting of hypogammaglobulinemia and thymoma that affects both cellular and humoral immunity. It usually appears in patients between the 4th and 6th decade of life and affects both genders equally. Ophthalmological clinical presentat...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Survey of ophthalmology 2024-05, Vol.69 (3), p.418-426
Main Authors: Cantu-Rosales, Carolina, Baquero-Ospina, Pablo, Peña-Ortiz, Samuel, Díaz-Castillo, Jahzeel, Concha-del-Rio, Luz-Elena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cytomegalovirus
Good syndrome
Hypogammaglobulinemia
Immunosuppression
Retinitis
Thymoma
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Summary:Good syndrome (GS) is a rare primary immunodeficiency in adults consisting of hypogammaglobulinemia and thymoma that affects both cellular and humoral immunity. It usually appears in patients between the 4th and 6th decade of life and affects both genders equally. Ophthalmological clinical presentation is highly variable; associations with herpetic keratitis, toxoplasmosis, and cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) have been described. GS associated with CMVR is uncommon. Ophthalmologists may be the first to diagnose systemic disease and change the outcome. Only18 cases of CMVR have been described, most of them unilateral with poor visual outcomes. We discuss the clinical features of CMVR in patients with reported GS, pathogenesis, and outline a work-up for diagnosis. CMVR in an apparently healthy patient should encourage the clinician to search for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV–associated immunosuppression.
ISSN:0039-6257
1879-3304
DOI:10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.12.004