Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation in a Nonequilibrium Quantum Fluid

There is no simple fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for nonequilibrium systems. We show that for a fluid in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) characterized by a constant temperature gradient there is a generalized FDT that relates commutator correlation functions to the bilinear response of...

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Published in:Physical review letters 2023-12, Vol.131 (24), p.244001-244001, Article 244001
Main Authors: Kirkpatrick, T R, Belitz, D
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Language:English
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description There is no simple fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for nonequilibrium systems. We show that for a fluid in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) characterized by a constant temperature gradient there is a generalized FDT that relates commutator correlation functions to the bilinear response of products of observables. This allows for experimental probes of the long-range correlations in such a system, quantum or classical, via response experiments. We also show that the correlations are not tied to thermal fluctuations but are intrinsic to the NESS and reflect a generalized rigidity.
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title Fluctuation-Dissipation Relation in a Nonequilibrium Quantum Fluid
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