Charge transfer in TiO2-based photocatalysis: fundamental mechanisms to material strategies

Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted significant interest due to its capacity to directly exploit solar energy and generate solar fuels, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and bacterial inactivation. However, achieving the maximum efficiency in photocatalyti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nanoscale 2024-02, Vol.16 (9), p.4352-4377
Main Authors: Sharafat, Ali, Pir Muhammad Ismail, Khan, Muhammad, Dang, Alei, Ali, Sajjad, Zada, Amir, Raziq, Fazal, Khan, Imran, Khan, Muhammad Shakeel, Ateeq, Muhammad, Khan, Waliullah, Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar, Haider, Ali, Wu, Xiaoqiang, Ali Shah, Muhammad Ishaq, Ajayan Vinu, Yi, Jiabao, Xia, Pengfei, Qiao, Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Catalytic activity
Charge transfer
Heterojunctions
Photocatalysis
Photocatalysts
Solar energy
Titanium dioxide
Water splitting
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Summary:Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted significant interest due to its capacity to directly exploit solar energy and generate solar fuels, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and bacterial inactivation. However, achieving the maximum efficiency in photocatalytic processes remains a challenge owing to the speedy recombination of electron–hole pairs and the limited use of light. Therefore, significant endeavours have been devoted to addressing these issues. Specifically, well-designed heterojunction photocatalysts have been demonstrated to exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity through the physical distancing of electron–hole pairs generated during the photocatalytic process. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion ranging from fundamental mechanisms to material strategies, focusing on TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts. Current efforts are focused on developing heterojunction photocatalysts based on TiO2 for a variety of photocatalytic applications, and these projects are explained and assessed. Finally, we offer a concise summary of the main insights and challenges in the utilization of TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalysis. We expect that this review will serve as a valuable resource to improve the efficiency of TiO2-based heterojunctions for energy generation and environmental remediation.
ISSN:2040-3364
2040-3372
DOI:10.1039/d3nr04534j