Impact of nanopollution on plant growth, photosynthesis, toxicity, and metabolism in the agricultural sector: An updated review

• Published in: Plant physiology and biochemistry 2024-02, Vol.207, p.108370-108370, Article 108370
• Main Authors: Thiruvengadam, Muthu, Chi, Hee Youn, Kim, Seung-Hyun
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cytotoxicity; Genotoxicity; Nanopollution; Photosynthesis; Phytochemicals; Phytohormones
• ISSN: 0981-9428; 1873-2690
• DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108370

Nanotechnology provides distinct benefits to numerous industrial and commercial fields, and has developed into a discipline of intense interest to researchers. Nanoparticles (NPs) have risen to prominence in modern agriculture due to their use in agrochemicals, nanofertilizers, and nanoremediation. However, their potential negative impacts on soil and water ecosystems, as well as plant growth and physiology, have caused concern for researchers and policymakers. Concerns have been expressed regarding the ecological consequences and toxicity effects associated with nanoparticles as a result of their increased production and usage. Moreover, the accumulation of nanoparticles in the environment poses a risk, not only because of the possibility of plant damage but also because nanoparticles may infiltrate the food chain. In this review, we have documented the beneficial and detrimental effects of NPs on seed germination, shoot and root growth, plant biomass, and nutrient assimilation. Nanoparticles exert toxic effects by inducing ROS generation and stimulating cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, thereby leading to cell death in several plant species. We have provided possible mechanisms by which nanoparticles induce toxicity in plants. In addition to the toxic effects of NPs, we highlighted the importance of nanomaterials in the agricultural sector. Thus, understanding the structure, size, and concentration of nanoparticles that will improve plant growth or induce plant cell death is essential. This updated review reveals the multifaceted connection between nanoparticles, soil and water pollution, and plant biology in the context of agriculture. •Effects of nanoparticles on soil and water ecosystems.•Effects of nanoparticles on plant growth, mode of entry, and nanoparticle-plant interactions.•Influence of nanoparticles on phytohormones, photosynthesis, and plant nutrition.•Impact of nanoparticles on primary and secondary metabolites.•Mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity and associated pathways in plants.