Role of Leptin in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 1 in every 11 adults; among them, 90-95% of cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is partly attributed to the surge in the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions since 2008. In these patient...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-02, Vol.25 (4), p.2338
Main Authors: Vilariño-García, Teresa, Polonio-González, María L, Pérez-Pérez, Antonio, Ribalta, Josep, Arrieta, Francisco, Aguilar, Manuel, Obaya, Juan C, Gimeno-Orna, José A, Iglesias, Pedro, Navarro, Jorge, Durán, Santiago, Pedro-Botet, Juan, Sánchez-Margalet, Víctor
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
B cells
Cardiac patients
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism
Development and progression
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism
Humans
Hypertension
Inflammation
Insulin resistance
Leptin
Leptin - metabolism
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mortality
Obesity
Obesity - metabolism
Prevention
Spain
Type 2 diabetes
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Summary:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 1 in every 11 adults; among them, 90-95% of cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is partly attributed to the surge in the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions since 2008. In these patients, cardiovascular (CV) risk stands as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to the potential for macrovascular and microvascular complications. In this context, leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a fundamental role. This hormone is essential for regulating the cellular metabolism and energy balance, controlling inflammatory responses, and maintaining CV system homeostasis. Thus, leptin resistance not only contributes to weight gain but may also lead to increased cardiac inflammation, greater fibrosis, hypertension, and impairment of the cardiac metabolism. Understanding the relationship between leptin resistance and CV risk in obese individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM) could improve the management and prevention of this complication. Therefore, in this narrative review, we will discuss the evidence linking leptin with the presence, severity, and/or prognosis of obesity and T2DM regarding CV disease, aiming to shed light on the potential implications for better management and preventive strategies.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25042338