Effect of Porosity/Binder Index on Strength, Stiffness and Microstructure of Cemented Clay: The Impact of Sustainable Development Geomaterials

Searching for alternative material options to reduce the extraction of natural resources is essential for promoting a more sustainable world. This is especially relevant in construction and infrastructure projects, where significant volumes of materials are used. This paper aims to introduce three a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2024-02, Vol.17 (4), p.921
Main Authors: Baldovino, Jair de Jesús Arrieta, Nuñez de la Rosa, Yamid E, Calabokis, Oriana Palma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Calcium silicate hydrate
Calcium silicates
Cement
Clay
Clay soils
Compressive strength
Concrete
Construction industry
Crushing
Environmental impact
Geomaterials
Gypsum
Hydration
Investigations
Mechanical properties
Moisture content
Natural resources
Permeability
Shear strength
Silicates
Soil mechanics
Soil porosity
Soil properties
Soil testing
Stiffness
Sustainable development
Tropical environments
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Summary:Searching for alternative material options to reduce the extraction of natural resources is essential for promoting a more sustainable world. This is especially relevant in construction and infrastructure projects, where significant volumes of materials are used. This paper aims to introduce three alternative materials, crushed ground glass (GG), recycled gypsum (GY) and crushed lime waste (CLW), byproducts of construction industry geomaterials, to enhance the mechanical properties of clay soil in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. These materials show promise as cementitious and frictional agents, combined with soil and cement. Rigorous testing, including tests on unconfined compressive strength ( ) and initial stiffness ( ) and with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), reveals a correlation between strength, stiffness and the novel porosity/binder index ( /C ) and provides mixed design equations for the novel geomaterials. Micro-level analyses show the formation of hydrated calcium silicates and complex interactions among the waste materials, cement and clay. These new geomaterials offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional cementation, contributing to geotechnical solutions in vulnerable tropical regions.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17040921