Contact lens fitting and changes in the tear film dynamics: mathematical and computational models review

• Published in: Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology 2024-09, Vol.262 (9), p.2751-2764
• Main Authors: Ramasubramanian, Darshan, Hernández-Verdejo, José Luis, López-Alonso, José Manuel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomechanical Phenomena; Biomechanics; Blinking - physiology; Computer applications; Computer Simulation; Contact Lenses; Dry Eye Syndromes - diagnosis; Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism; Dry Eye Syndromes - physiopathology; Dry Eye Syndromes - therapy; Eye lens; Humans; Mathematical models; Medical research; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Models, Theoretical; Ophthalmology; Prosthesis Fitting; Review Article; Reviews; Tears - metabolism; Tears - physiology
• ISSN: 0721-832X; 1435-702X; 1435-702X
• DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06400-5

Purpose This review explores mathematical models, blinking characterization, and non-invasive techniques to enhance understanding and refine clinical interventions for ocular conditions, particularly for contact lens wear. Methods The review evaluates mathematical models in tear film dynamics and their limitations, discusses contact lens wear models, and highlights computational mechanical models. It also explores computational techniques, customization of models based on individual blinking dynamics, and non-invasive diagnostic tools like high-speed cameras and advanced imaging technologies. Results Mathematical models provide insights into tear film dynamics but face challenges due to simplifications. Contact lens wear models reveal complex ocular physiology and design aspects, aiding in lens development. Computational mechanical models explore eye biomechanics, often integrating tear film dynamics into a Multiphysics framework. While different computational techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, non-invasive tools like OCT and thermal imaging play a crucial role in customizing these Multiphysics models, particularly for contact lens wearers. Conclusion Recent advancements in mathematical modeling and non-invasive tools have revolutionized ocular health research, enabling personalized approaches. The review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary exploration in the Multiphysics approach involving tear film dynamics and biomechanics for contact lens wearers, promoting advancements in eye care and broader ocular health research.