Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma of Floor of Mouth—A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

• Published in: Indian journal of otolaryngology, and head, and neck surgery and head, and neck surgery, 2024-02, Vol.76 (1), p.1290-1297
• Main Authors: Dabas, Surendra K, Menon, Nandini N, Ranjan, Reetesh, Gurung, Bikas, Tiwari, Sukirti, Bassan, Bharat Bhushan, Shukla, Himanshu, Pasricha, Sunil, Sinha, Ajit, Kapoor, Rahul, Verma, Vinay Kumar, Verma, Devesh, Arora, Saurabh, Sharma, Ashwani, Mukharjee, Sourabh, Singal, Rishu, Fernandes, Trishala Bhadauria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cartilage; Case reports; Clinical Report; Head & neck cancer; Head and Neck Surgery; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Otorhinolaryngology; Radiation therapy; Surgery; Tumors
• ISSN: 2231-3796; 0973-7707
• DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04271-6

Introduction Chondrosarcomas are rare malignancies of the cartilage and myxoid chondrosarcoma is its variant which commonly occurs in soft tissue of extremities. Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of bone or soft tissue origin and is characterized by the presence of spindle cells admixed with well differentiated cartilage or chondroid stroma. They are mostly radioresistant tumours and surgical resections with adequate margins is considered as the ideal treatment modality with adjuvant radiotherapy in high grade tumours and add on chemotherapy, in case of presence of poor prognostic factors. Case Report A 51-year-old diabetic, hypertensive female patient presented to our outpatient department with difficulty in chewing food for a duration of 6 months. On clinical examination, she had an ulceroproliferative growth involving right lower alveolus and floor of mouth. MRI face and neck with contrast showed a 4.1 × 2.9 × 4.5 cm lesion involving right lower alveolus extending to floor of mouth. Biopsy showed features of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. She was planned for upfront surgery (Right composite resection with modified radical neck dissection with free fibula flap). Patient was stable post-surgery and was discharged in stable condition. Final histopathology report was high grade myxoid chondrosarcoma. The case was presented in tumour board and the patient was planned for adjuvant radiotherapy. She has been on regular follow up for the past 2 years and shows no signs of recurrence. Conclusion Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of oral cavity is a rare entity and very few cases are reported. It is a malignant neoplasm which is diagnosed with the help of immunohistochemistry. Surgery is the ideal modality of treatment accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy in cases of high-grade tumours.