Unusual imaging findings associated with abdominal pediatric germ cell tumors

Germ cell tumors of childhood are tumors arising from germline cells in gonadal or extragonadal locations. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are characteristically located in the midline, arising intracranially or in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or pelvis. These tumors are generally easily diagnose...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Pediatric radiology 2024-06, Vol.54 (7), p.1093-1104
Main Authors: Gagnon, Marie-Helene, Derenoncourt, Paul-Robert, Rayamahi, Sampanna, Taylor, Susan, Parikh, Ashishkumar K., Ponisio, Maria R., Khanna, Geetika
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abdomen
Abdominal Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Adolescent
Antibodies
Child
Child, Preschool
Children
Diagnostic Imaging - methods
Encephalitis
Female
Glutamic acid receptors
Humans
Hyperthyroidism
Imaging
Male
Mediastinum
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Metastases
Metastasis
N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors
Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal - diagnostic imaging
Neuroradiology
Nuclear Medicine
Oncology
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Pediatrics
Pelvis
Pictorial Essay
Puberty
Radiology
Retroperitoneum
Teratoma
Tumors
Ultrasound
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Summary:Germ cell tumors of childhood are tumors arising from germline cells in gonadal or extragonadal locations. Extragonadal germ cell tumors are characteristically located in the midline, arising intracranially or in the mediastinum, retroperitoneum, or pelvis. These tumors are generally easily diagnosed due to typical sites of origin, characteristic imaging findings, and laboratory markers. However, germ cell tumors can be associated with unusual clinical syndromes or imaging features that can perplex the radiologist. This review will illustrate atypical imaging/clinical manifestations and complications of abdominal germ cell tumors in childhood. These features include unusual primary tumors such as multifocal primaries; local complications such as ovarian torsion or ruptured dermoid; atypical presentations of metastatic disease associated with burned-out primary tumor, growing teratoma syndrome, and gliomatosis peritonei; endocrine manifestations such as precocious puberty and hyperthyroidism; and antibody mediated paraneoplastic syndrome such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antibody-mediated encephalitis. This review aims to illustrate unusual imaging features associated with the primary tumor, metastatic disease, or distant complications of abdominal germ cell tumors of childhood. Graphical abstract
ISSN:1432-1998
0301-0449
1432-1998
DOI:10.1007/s00247-024-05894-9