Surface characterization of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) transfer films during rolling–sliding tribology tests using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

• Published in: Wear 2006-11, Vol.261 (10), p.1155-1162
• Main Authors: Lu, X., Wong, K.C., Wong, P.C., Mitchell, K.A.R., Cotter, J., Eadie, D.T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Exact sciences and technology; Friction; Friction modifier; Friction, wear, lubrication; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications); Inelasticity (thermoplasticity, viscoplasticity...); Machine components; Mechanical engineering. Machine design; Mechanical properties; Physical properties; Physics; Polymer industry, paints, wood; Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); Properties and testing; Solid mechanics; Structural and continuum mechanics; Surface; Technology of polymers; Third body; Wheel/rail contact; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)
• ISSN: 0043-1648; 1873-2577
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2006.03.020

A disk-on-disk Amsler wear tester simulating the rolling–sliding motion and high pressure during wheel/rail contact, was used to study the wear performance of PTFE including its film transfer and material flow properties. The chemical composition of the transfer film formed on the wheel-disk surface at various test stages were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The friction curve of the PTFE films obtained on the Amsler can be divided into three regions, according to the friction level and disk surface morphology. Initially, there is a rapid increase of friction coefficient which is presumably accompanied by a fast material transfer from pre-coated rail-disk to the wheel-disk surfaces. In the second region, the friction remains stable throughout and the XPS results show the presence of PTFE on the wheel-disk surface which confirms a transfer of material between the two contact surfaces. In addition, the splitting of F 1s and C 1s photoelectron peaks of PTFE, as a result of a discrepancy in surface charging, suggests that the transfer film exists in two forms: thick patch and thin film. With an increase in rolling cycles, the thick patches become thinner, as well as its coverage reduces. By contrast, the thin film gains both in thickness and coverage. Using a simple model, the thin film is calculated to be only a few nanometers thick. At the beginning of the third region, only a thin film is left on the surface. Additional rolling leads to a rapid rise in friction and the transfer film thickness continues to decrease. The evidence supports the removal of PTFE out of the contact zone, and a high friction coefficient ( μ = 0.6) is reached at the end of the test indicating an un-lubricated metal–metal contact. No major tribochemical reaction of PTFE is observed during this study.