Alum/CpG adjuvant promotes immunogenicity of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron vaccine through enhanced humoral and cellular immunity

• Published in: Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2024-06, Vol.594, p.110050-110050, Article 110050
• Main Authors: Zheng, Xiaotong, Yang, Rong, Zhao, Yuxiu, Zhang, Yadan, Yuan, Guangying, Li, Weidong, Xiao, Zhuangzhuang, Dong, Xiaofei, Ma, Meng, Guo, Yancen, Wang, Wei, Zhao, Xue, Yang, Hongqiang, Qiu, Shaoting, Peng, Zheng, Liu, Ankang, Yu, Shouzhi, Zhang, Yuntao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adjuvant; CpG; Immunogenicity; Omicron; Vaccine
• ISSN: 0042-6822; 1096-0341
• DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110050

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, which was classified as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization on 26 November 2021, has attracted worldwide attention for its high transmissibility and immune evasion ability. The existing COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to be less effective in preventing Omicron variant infection and symptomatic infection, which brings new challenges to vaccine development and application. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of an Omicron variant COVID-19 inactivated vaccine containing aluminum and CpG adjuvants in a variety of animal models. The results showed that the vaccine candidate could induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variant virus and binding antibodies, and significantly promoted cellular immune response. Meanwhile, the vaccine candidate was safe. Therefore, it provided more foundation for the development of aluminum and CpG as a combination adjuvant in human vaccines. •OMI/Aluminum/CpG exhibited high immunogenicity against the Omicron variants.•OMI/Aluminum/CpG can continuously induce high levels of immune factors.•OMI/Aluminum/CpG can induce high levels of CD8+ T cell in the peripheral hemolymph of rats.