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Impact of mediterranean diet promotion on environmental sustainability: a longitudinal analysis

This article aims to estimate the differences in environmental impact (greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) after one year of promoting a Mediterranean diet (MD). Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 5800 participants in the PREDIMED-P...

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Published in:Public health (London) 2024-05, Vol.230, p.12-20
Main Authors: Álvarez-Álvarez, L., Vitelli-Storelli, F., Rubín-García, M., García, S., Bouzas, C., Ruíz-Canela, M., Corella, D., Salas-Salvadó, J., Fitó, M., Martínez, J.A., Tojal-Sierra, L., Wärnberg, J., Vioque, J., Romaguera, D., López-Miranda, J., Estruch, R., Tinahones, F.J., Santos-Lozano, J.M., Serra-Majem, L., Bueno-Cavanillas, A., García-Fernández, C., Esteve-Luque, V., Delgado-Rodríguez, M., Torrego-Ellacuría, M., Vidal, J., Prieto, L., Daimiel, L., Casas, R., García Arellano, A., Shyam, S., González, J.I., Castañer, O., García-Rios, A., Ortiz Díaz, F., Fernández, A.C., Sánchez-Villegas, A., Morey, M., Cano-Ibañez, N., Sorto-Sánchez, C., Bernal-López, M.R., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Nishi, S.K., Coltell, O., Zomeño, M.D., Peña-Orihuela, P.J., Aparicio, D.V., Zulet, M.A., Vázquez, Z., Babio, N., Pérez, K.A., Tur, J.A., Martín-Sánchez, V.
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Language:English
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Summary:This article aims to estimate the differences in environmental impact (greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) after one year of promoting a Mediterranean diet (MD). Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 5800 participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study were used. Each participant's food intake was estimated using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, and the adherence to MD using the Dietary Score. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The association between MD adherence and its environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models. After one year of intervention, the kcal/day consumed was significantly reduced (−125,1 kcal/day), adherence to a MD pattern was improved (+0,9) and the environmental impact due to the diet was significantly reduced (GHG: −361 g/CO2-eq; Acidification:-11,5 g SO2-eq; Eutrophication:-4,7 g PO4-eq; Energy use:-842,7 kJ; and Land use:-2,2 m2). Higher adherence to MD (high vs. low) was significantly associated with lower environmental impact both at baseline and one year follow-up. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the factors analysed, both at baseline and at one-year follow-up, in spite of the reduction observed in their consumption. A program promoting a MD, after one year of intervention, significantly reduced the environmental impact in all the factors analysed. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the dimensions analysed.
ISSN:0033-3506
1476-5616
DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.02.010