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The association between safety climate and noncombat injury events among United States Air Force workers
Introduction: Work-related injuries are a common lagging safety indicator whereas safety climate assessments can help identify constructs serving as leading indicators. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF) Safety...
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| Published in: | Journal of safety research 2024-02, Vol.88, p.16-23 |
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| creator | Socias-Morales, Christina M. Haas, Emily J. Gwilliam, Melody Yorio, Patrick L. Delaney, Nancy B. Falcon, Rachael G. Stallings, Heidi A. Burnham, Bruce R. Stuever, David M. Stouder, Stephen M. Ewing, Geoffrey L. Collins, James W. Chaumont Menendez, Cammie K. |
| description | Introduction: Work-related injuries are a common lagging safety indicator whereas safety climate assessments can help identify constructs serving as leading indicators. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF) Safety Center to examine the association between perceptions of safety climate survey constructs and the number of injury events within the DAF workforce. Methods: The DAF administers voluntary, anonymous, occupation-specific safety climate surveys to DAF workers using the internal Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS). Survey responses from 2014 to 2018 provided by DAF workers and injury events in maintenance, support, and operations occupations were shared with NIOSH. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed five constructs: Leadership and Communication; Organizational Safety Priority; Error Management; Resource Adequacy; and Deployment/Official Travel Impact. Squadron-level analysis included bivariate correlations and estimated Rate Ratios (RRs). Results: 1,547 squadrons administered the survey, averaging 144 workers and 15.8 reportable injuries per squadron. Higher (more favorable) squadron-level construct scores were consistently correlated with fewer reported injuries (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.10.004 |
| format | article |
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The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF) Safety Center to examine the association between perceptions of safety climate survey constructs and the number of injury events within the DAF workforce. Methods: The DAF administers voluntary, anonymous, occupation-specific safety climate surveys to DAF workers using the internal Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS). Survey responses from 2014 to 2018 provided by DAF workers and injury events in maintenance, support, and operations occupations were shared with NIOSH. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed five constructs: Leadership and Communication; Organizational Safety Priority; Error Management; Resource Adequacy; and Deployment/Official Travel Impact. Squadron-level analysis included bivariate correlations and estimated Rate Ratios (RRs). Results: 1,547 squadrons administered the survey, averaging 144 workers and 15.8 reportable injuries per squadron. Higher (more favorable) squadron-level construct scores were consistently correlated with fewer reported injuries (p < 0.001). Controlling for the number of workers, RRs revealed significant reductions in injury rates with each one-unit increase in responses: Leadership and Communication RR = 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32–0.48); Organizational Safety Priority RR = 0.50 (95%CI: 0.40–0.64); Error Management RR = 0.37 (95%CI: 0.30–0.47); Deployment/Official Travel Impact RR = 0.36 (95%CI: 0.29–0.45). Resource Adequacy revealed a non-significant lower injury rate RR = 0.87 (95%CI: 0.73–1.04). Conclusions: This unique study quantified safety climate and the association with injuries across a multi-year period. While safety climate measurements may be limited by frequent turnover and the self-reported, voluntary, anonymous nature of AFCMRS, the strength of this study is in the census of injuries. Practical Applications: Future research should include longitudinal analyses to examine the impact on injuries when squadron leaders are provided feedback on safety climate survey results.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-4375</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1879-1247</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-1247</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.10.004</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38485358</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Humans ; Leading/lagging indicators ; Military populations ; Occupational injuries ; Occupational Injuries - epidemiology ; Occupations ; Organizational Culture ; Safety climate ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States - epidemiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of safety research, 2024-02, Vol.88, p.16-23</ispartof><rights>2023</rights><rights>Published by Elsevier Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c305t-aad9eef125180b74237ec380e35be6202b100d84f9247478243e558f2cbac82b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1634-1905 ; 0000-0002-6705-9723 ; 0000-0003-3010-4030 ; 0000-0001-5128-470X ; 0000-0001-5550-0844 ; 0000-0002-9034-2949</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38485358$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Socias-Morales, Christina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haas, Emily J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gwilliam, Melody</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yorio, Patrick L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delaney, Nancy B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falcon, Rachael G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stallings, Heidi A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burnham, Bruce R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuever, David M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stouder, Stephen M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ewing, Geoffrey L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, James W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaumont Menendez, Cammie K.</creatorcontrib><title>The association between safety climate and noncombat injury events among United States Air Force workers</title><title>Journal of safety research</title><addtitle>J Safety Res</addtitle><description>Introduction: Work-related injuries are a common lagging safety indicator whereas safety climate assessments can help identify constructs serving as leading indicators. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF) Safety Center to examine the association between perceptions of safety climate survey constructs and the number of injury events within the DAF workforce. Methods: The DAF administers voluntary, anonymous, occupation-specific safety climate surveys to DAF workers using the internal Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS). Survey responses from 2014 to 2018 provided by DAF workers and injury events in maintenance, support, and operations occupations were shared with NIOSH. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed five constructs: Leadership and Communication; Organizational Safety Priority; Error Management; Resource Adequacy; and Deployment/Official Travel Impact. Squadron-level analysis included bivariate correlations and estimated Rate Ratios (RRs). Results: 1,547 squadrons administered the survey, averaging 144 workers and 15.8 reportable injuries per squadron. Higher (more favorable) squadron-level construct scores were consistently correlated with fewer reported injuries (p < 0.001). Controlling for the number of workers, RRs revealed significant reductions in injury rates with each one-unit increase in responses: Leadership and Communication RR = 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32–0.48); Organizational Safety Priority RR = 0.50 (95%CI: 0.40–0.64); Error Management RR = 0.37 (95%CI: 0.30–0.47); Deployment/Official Travel Impact RR = 0.36 (95%CI: 0.29–0.45). Resource Adequacy revealed a non-significant lower injury rate RR = 0.87 (95%CI: 0.73–1.04). Conclusions: This unique study quantified safety climate and the association with injuries across a multi-year period. While safety climate measurements may be limited by frequent turnover and the self-reported, voluntary, anonymous nature of AFCMRS, the strength of this study is in the census of injuries. Practical Applications: Future research should include longitudinal analyses to examine the impact on injuries when squadron leaders are provided feedback on safety climate survey results.</description><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leading/lagging indicators</subject><subject>Military populations</subject><subject>Occupational injuries</subject><subject>Occupational Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Occupations</subject><subject>Organizational Culture</subject><subject>Safety climate</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>United States - epidemiology</subject><issn>0022-4375</issn><issn>1879-1247</issn><issn>1879-1247</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWqs_wIvk6GVrPjbdLJ6KWBUKHqznkM3OatZuokla6b83perR0zDDMy-8D0IXlEwoodPrftLHMGGE8bxPCCkP0IjKqi4oK6tDNCKEsaLklThBpzH2hJCpoPQYnXBZSsGFHKG35RtgHaM3VifrHW4gfQE4HHUHaYvNyg46ZcS12Hln_NDohK3r12GLYQMuRawH717xi7MJWvycMh7xzAY898EA_vLhHUI8Q0edXkU4_5lj9DK_W94-FIun-8fb2aIwnIhUaN3WAB1lgkrSVCXjFRguCXDRwDRXbSghrSy7OlcsK8lKDkLIjplGG8kaPkZX-9yP4D_XEJMabDSwWmkHfh0Vq4VkNc9SMkr3qAk-xgCd-gi5bdgqStROsOpVFqx2gnenLDj_XP7Er5sB2r-PX6MZuNkDkEtuLAQVjQVnoLUBTFKtt__EfwOijIxN</recordid><startdate>202402</startdate><enddate>202402</enddate><creator>Socias-Morales, Christina M.</creator><creator>Haas, Emily J.</creator><creator>Gwilliam, Melody</creator><creator>Yorio, Patrick L.</creator><creator>Delaney, Nancy B.</creator><creator>Falcon, Rachael G.</creator><creator>Stallings, Heidi A.</creator><creator>Burnham, Bruce R.</creator><creator>Stuever, David M.</creator><creator>Stouder, Stephen M.</creator><creator>Ewing, Geoffrey L.</creator><creator>Collins, James W.</creator><creator>Chaumont Menendez, Cammie K.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-1905</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-9723</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-4030</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-470X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-0844</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-2949</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202402</creationdate><title>The association between safety climate and noncombat injury events among United States Air Force workers</title><author>Socias-Morales, Christina M. ; Haas, Emily J. ; Gwilliam, Melody ; Yorio, Patrick L. ; Delaney, Nancy B. ; Falcon, Rachael G. ; Stallings, Heidi A. ; Burnham, Bruce R. ; Stuever, David M. ; Stouder, Stephen M. ; Ewing, Geoffrey L. ; Collins, James W. ; Chaumont Menendez, Cammie K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c305t-aad9eef125180b74237ec380e35be6202b100d84f9247478243e558f2cbac82b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Leading/lagging indicators</topic><topic>Military populations</topic><topic>Occupational injuries</topic><topic>Occupational Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Occupations</topic><topic>Organizational Culture</topic><topic>Safety climate</topic><topic>Self Report</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>United States - epidemiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Socias-Morales, Christina M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haas, Emily J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gwilliam, Melody</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yorio, Patrick L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Delaney, Nancy B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Falcon, Rachael G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stallings, Heidi A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burnham, Bruce R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stuever, David M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stouder, Stephen M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ewing, Geoffrey L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collins, James W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chaumont Menendez, Cammie K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of safety research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Socias-Morales, Christina M.</au><au>Haas, Emily J.</au><au>Gwilliam, Melody</au><au>Yorio, Patrick L.</au><au>Delaney, Nancy B.</au><au>Falcon, Rachael G.</au><au>Stallings, Heidi A.</au><au>Burnham, Bruce R.</au><au>Stuever, David M.</au><au>Stouder, Stephen M.</au><au>Ewing, Geoffrey L.</au><au>Collins, James W.</au><au>Chaumont Menendez, Cammie K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The association between safety climate and noncombat injury events among United States Air Force workers</atitle><jtitle>Journal of safety research</jtitle><addtitle>J Safety Res</addtitle><date>2024-02</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>88</volume><spage>16</spage><epage>23</epage><pages>16-23</pages><issn>0022-4375</issn><issn>1879-1247</issn><eissn>1879-1247</eissn><abstract>Introduction: Work-related injuries are a common lagging safety indicator whereas safety climate assessments can help identify constructs serving as leading indicators. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) partnered with the U.S. Department of the Air Force (DAF) Safety Center to examine the association between perceptions of safety climate survey constructs and the number of injury events within the DAF workforce. Methods: The DAF administers voluntary, anonymous, occupation-specific safety climate surveys to DAF workers using the internal Air Force Combined Mishap Reduction System (AFCMRS). Survey responses from 2014 to 2018 provided by DAF workers and injury events in maintenance, support, and operations occupations were shared with NIOSH. Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed five constructs: Leadership and Communication; Organizational Safety Priority; Error Management; Resource Adequacy; and Deployment/Official Travel Impact. Squadron-level analysis included bivariate correlations and estimated Rate Ratios (RRs). Results: 1,547 squadrons administered the survey, averaging 144 workers and 15.8 reportable injuries per squadron. Higher (more favorable) squadron-level construct scores were consistently correlated with fewer reported injuries (p < 0.001). Controlling for the number of workers, RRs revealed significant reductions in injury rates with each one-unit increase in responses: Leadership and Communication RR = 0.40 (95%CI: 0.32–0.48); Organizational Safety Priority RR = 0.50 (95%CI: 0.40–0.64); Error Management RR = 0.37 (95%CI: 0.30–0.47); Deployment/Official Travel Impact RR = 0.36 (95%CI: 0.29–0.45). Resource Adequacy revealed a non-significant lower injury rate RR = 0.87 (95%CI: 0.73–1.04). Conclusions: This unique study quantified safety climate and the association with injuries across a multi-year period. While safety climate measurements may be limited by frequent turnover and the self-reported, voluntary, anonymous nature of AFCMRS, the strength of this study is in the census of injuries. Practical Applications: Future research should include longitudinal analyses to examine the impact on injuries when squadron leaders are provided feedback on safety climate survey results.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>38485358</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.jsr.2023.10.004</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-1905</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-9723</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-4030</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5128-470X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-0844</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-2949</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of safety research, 2024-02, Vol.88, p.16-23 |
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| source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
| subjects | Humans Leading/lagging indicators Military populations Occupational injuries Occupational Injuries - epidemiology Occupations Organizational Culture Safety climate Self Report Surveys and Questionnaires United States - epidemiology |
| title | The association between safety climate and noncombat injury events among United States Air Force workers |
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