Immunosuppressive Cyclotides: A Promising Approach for Treating Autoimmune Diseases

The immune system maintains constant surveillance to prevent the infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous threats into host organisms. The process is regulated by effector immune cells that combat external pathogens and regulatory immune cells that inhibit excessive internal body inflammation,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Protein Journal 2024-04, Vol.43 (2), p.159-170
Main Authors: Huynh, Nguyen Thai, Ho, Thao N.T, Pham, Yen N.D., Dang, Le Hang, Pham, Son H., Dang, Tien T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal Anatomy
Animals
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - drug therapy
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Autoimmunity
Biochemistry
Biological weapons
Bioorganic Chemistry
Chemical synthesis
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Cyclotides - chemistry
Cyclotides - pharmacology
Cyclotides - therapeutic use
Effector cells
Histology
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune system
Immunomodulation
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunosuppressive Agents - pharmacology
Immunosuppressive Agents - therapeutic use
Inhibitors
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Morphology
Organic Chemistry
Peptides
Therapeutic applications
Toxicity
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Summary:The immune system maintains constant surveillance to prevent the infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous threats into host organisms. The process is regulated by effector immune cells that combat external pathogens and regulatory immune cells that inhibit excessive internal body inflammation, ultimately establishing a state of homeostasis within the body. Disruption to this process could lead to autoimmunity, which is often associated with the malfunction of both T cells and B cells with T cells playing a more major role. A number of therapeutic mediators for autoimmune diseases are available, from conventional disease-modifying drugs to biologic agents and small molecule inhibitors. Recently, ribosomally synthesized peptides, specifically cyclotides from plants are currently attracting more attention as potential autoimmune disease therapeutics due to their decreased toxicity compared to small molecules inhibitors as well as their remarkable stability against a number of factors. This review provides a concise overview of various cyclotides exhibiting immunomodulatory properties and their potential as therapeutic interventions for autoimmune diseases.
ISSN:1572-3887
1875-8355
1573-4943
DOI:10.1007/s10930-024-10188-y