Constructed wetland technology transfer to Nepal

Constructed Wetland (CW) technology is still not wide spread in developing countries despite having great potential. This paper describes an approach carried out in Nepal to transfer CW technology for wastewater treatment. Three CWs (hospital wastewater treatment--20 m3/d, greywater treatment of a s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2001-01, Vol.43 (11), p.345-350
Main Authors: SHRESTHA, R. R, HABERL, R, LABER, J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Artificial wetlands
Biological and medical sciences
Biological treatment of waters
Biotechnology
Coliforms
Developing Countries
Environment and pollution
Exact sciences and technology
Flow system
Fresh Water - chemistry
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General purification processes
Greywater
Hospital wastes
Hospitals
Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects
LDCs
Load distribution
Medical Waste Disposal - methods
Medical wastes
Nepal
Phosphates
Pollution
Sewage - chemistry
Soil Pollutants - analysis
Technology
Technology transfer
Vertical flow
Vertical mixing
Wastewater
Wastewater treatment
Wastewaters
Water Pollutants - analysis
Water Purification - methods
Water reuse
Water Supply - analysis
Water treatment and pollution
Wetlands
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Summary:Constructed Wetland (CW) technology is still not wide spread in developing countries despite having great potential. This paper describes an approach carried out in Nepal to transfer CW technology for wastewater treatment. Three CWs (hospital wastewater treatment--20 m3/d, greywater treatment of a single household, septage treatment--40 m3/d) were built and two have been investigated so far. All systems are subsurface flow systems with at least one vertical flow stage. Their treatment efficiency turned out to be very high. Median load elimination rates of the hospital wastewater and greywater treatment plants were for TSS: 97 to 99%; BOD5: 97 to 99%; COD: 94 to 97%; NH4-N 80 to 99%; PO4-P: 5 to 69%; Total Coliforms: 99.87 to 99.999% (3-5 log steps). Beside the treatment task the plants play an important role as demonstration sites to make common people and especially decision makers aware of the existing environmental problems and one possible solution. Several recommendations are pointed out to promote the technology in developing countries.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2001.0701