Effectiveness and Reliability of Arsenic Field Testing Kits:  Are the Million Dollar Screening Projects Effective or Not?

The exposure of millions to arsenic contaminated water from hand tube wells is a major concern in many Asiatic countries. Field kits are currently used to classify tube wells as delivering arsenic below 50 μg/L (the recommended limit in developing countries) as safe, painted green or above 50 μg/L,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental science & technology 2002-12, Vol.36 (24), p.5385-5394
Main Authors: Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur, Mukherjee, Debapriyo, Sengupta, Mrinal Kumar, Chowdhury, Uttam Kumar, Lodh, Dilip, Chanda, Chitta Ranjan, Roy, Shibtosh, Selim, Md, Quamruzzaman, Quazi, Milton, Abul Hasnat, Shahidullah, S. M, Rahman, Md. Tofizur, Chakraborti, Dipankar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Analysis methods
Applied sciences
Arsenic
Arsenic - analysis
Bangladesh
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics
Engineering geology
Exact sciences and technology
Fresh Water - analysis
Groundwater
Laboratories
Natural water pollution
Pollution
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic - economics
Reagent Kits, Diagnostic - statistics & numerical data
Reproducibility of Results
Spectrophotometry, Atomic
Test equipment
Variance analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollutants, Chemical - economics
Water Pollution, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution, Chemical - economics
Water Supply - analysis
Water Supply - economics
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:The exposure of millions to arsenic contaminated water from hand tube wells is a major concern in many Asiatic countries. Field kits are currently used to classify tube wells as delivering arsenic below 50 μg/L (the recommended limit in developing countries) as safe, painted green or above 50 μg/L, unsafe and painted red. More than 1.3 million tube wells in Bangladesh alone have been tested by field kits. A few million U.S. dollars have already been spent and millions are waiting for the ongoing projects. However, the reliability of the data generated through field kits is now being questioned. Samples from 290 wells were tested by field kits and by a reliable laboratory technique to ascertain the reliability of field kits. False negatives were as high as 68% and false positives up to 35%. A statistical analysis of data from 240 and 394 other wells yielded similar rates. We then analyzed 2866 samples from previously labeled wells and found 44.9% mislabeling in the lower range (
ISSN:0013-936X
1520-5851
DOI:10.1021/es020591o