Autophagy inhibition potentiates energy restriction‐induced cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) significantly contributes to cancer‐related mortality due to the limited response of HCC to current anticancer therapies, thereby necessitating more effective treatment approaches. Energy restriction mimetic agents (ERMAs) have emerged as potential therapies in targeti...

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Published in:IUBMB life 2024-08, Vol.76 (8), p.577-588
Main Authors: Elgendy, Sara M., Zaher, Dana M., Sarg, Nadin H., Abu Jayab, Nour N., Alhamad, Dima W., Al‐Tel, Taleb H., Omar, Hany A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
AKT protein
Antitumor activity
Apoptosis
Autophagy
Cell activation
Cell cycle
Cell death
Cell proliferation
Cell survival
ERMA
glucose restriction
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Liver cancer
spautin‐1
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) significantly contributes to cancer‐related mortality due to the limited response of HCC to current anticancer therapies, thereby necessitating more effective treatment approaches. Energy restriction mimetic agents (ERMAs) have emerged as potential therapies in targeting the Warburg effect, a unique metabolic process in cancer cells. However, ERMAs exhibit limited efficacy when used as monotherapy. Additionally, ERMAs have been found to induce autophagy in cancer cells. The role of autophagy in cancer survival remains a subject of debate. Thus, it is crucial to ascertain whether ERMA‐induced autophagy is a mechanism for cell survival or cell death in HCC. Our study aims to investigate the effect of autophagy inhibition on the survival of HCC cells treated with ERMAs while also examining the potential of combining an autophagy inhibitor such as spautin‐1 with ERMAs to enhance HCC cell death. Our results suggest a cytoprotective role for ERMA‐induced autophagy in HCC cells, as combining the autophagy inhibitor spautin‐1 with ERMAs effectively suppressed ERMA‐induced autophagy and synergistically enhanced their antitumor activity. The treatment combination promoted HCC death through apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of AKT and ERK activation, which are known to play a key role in cellular proliferation. Collectively, our findings highlight a potential strategy to combat HCC by combining energy restriction with autophagy inhibition.
ISSN:1521-6543
1521-6551
1521-6551
DOI:10.1002/iub.2816