Near-infrared II theranostic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

• Published in: European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging 2024-08, Vol.51 (10), p.2953-2969
• Main Authors: Zhou, Can, Zeng, Fantian, Yang, Haijun, Liang, Zeying, Xu, Guanyu, Li, Xiao, Liu, Xingdang, Yang, Jian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - diagnostic imaging; Alzheimer Disease - therapy; Alzheimer's disease; Animals; Biocompatibility; Biomedical materials; Cardiology; Diagnosis; Fluorescent indicators; Fluoroscopic imaging; Humans; I.R. radiation; Imaging; Infrared Rays; Medical diagnosis; Medical imaging; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Near infrared radiation; Neurodegenerative diseases; Nuclear Medicine; Oncology; Orthopedics; Photodynamic therapy; Precision medicine; Radiology; Reagents; Review Article; Theranostic Nanomedicine - methods
• ISSN: 1619-7070; 1619-7089; 1619-7089
• DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06690-1

Background Near-infrared II theranostic agents have gained great momentum in the research field of AD owing to the appealing advantages. Recently, an array of activatable NIR-II fluorescence probes has been developed to specifically monitor pathological targets of AD. Furthermore, various NIR-II-mediated nanomaterials with desirable photothermal and photodynamic properties have demonstrated favorable outcomes in the management of AD. Methods We summerized amounts of references and focused on small-molecule probes, nanomaterials, photothermal therapy, and photodynamic therapy based on NIR-II fluorescent imaging for the diagnosis and treatment in AD. In addition, design strategies for NIR-II-triggered theranostics targeting AD are presented, and some prospects are also addressed. Results NIR-II theranostic agents including small molecular probes and nanoparticles have received the increasing attention for biomedical applications. Meanwhile, most of the theranostic agents exhibited the promising results in animal studies. To our surprise, the multifunctional nanoplatforms also show a great potential in the diagnosis and treatment of AD. Conclusions Although NIR-II theranostic agents showed the great potential in diagnosis and treatment of AD, there are still many challenges: 1) Faborable NIR-II fluorohpores are still lacking; 2) Biocompatibility, bioseurity and dosage of NIR-II theranostic agents should be further revealed; 3) New equipment and software associated with NIR-II imaging system should be explored. Graphical Abstract