Reference values for metal(loid)s concentrations in the urine samples of healthy Iranian adults: Results from the first nationally representative human biomonitoring study

This study measured the concentrations of arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the urine samples of the Iranian adult population. This nationally representative study was conducted on 490 participants in six provinces of Iran who were...

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Published in:Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology 2024-07, Vol.84, p.127424-127424, Article 127424
Main Authors: Soleimani, Zahra, Haghshenas, Rosa, Farzi, Yousef, Taherkhani, Ali, Shokri Varniab, Zahra, Naserinjad, Maryam, Abedinjad, Parnian, salehyan, Samet, Maeiyat, Abdullah, Gorgani, Fatemeh, Mirzaei, Saham, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Naddafi, Kazem, Yunesian, Masud, Mesdaghina, Alireza, Farzadfar, Farshad
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Aluminum - urine
Arsenic - urine
Biological Monitoring
Cadmium - urine
Chromium - urine
Female
Humans
Iran
Iranian adults
Lead - urine
Male
Mercury - urine
Metal(loid)s
Metals - urine
Middle Aged
Nickel - urine
Reference Values
Urine
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Summary:This study measured the concentrations of arsenic (As), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in the urine samples of the Iranian adult population. This nationally representative study was conducted on 490 participants in six provinces of Iran who were selected based on the clustering method. Participants included healthy Iranian adults aged above 25 years without a history of illness and non-smokers. Fasting urine sampling, body composition, and demographic measurements were performed for each participant. Urine samples were analyzed by acid digesting method using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The analysis included descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression using Python programming language. The geometrical mean (with corresponding reference values, µg/l) concentrations of metal(loid)s in urine for women, men, and both were 198.2 (625.3), 163.5 (486.1), and 192.5(570.4) for Al, 15.6(51.7), 28.8(71.1), and 21.9 (61.64) for As, 18.5(55.2), 20.7(56.5), and 19.22(55.75) for Pb, 17.9(57.6), 17.9 (53.9), and 17.9(56) for Ni, 13.95(47.5), 20.3(62.2) and 16(51.6) for Cr, 3.5(12.2), 2.9(11.5), and 3.3(12) for Hg, 0.74(2.7), 0.95 (3.6), and 0.81(3.1) for Cd. There was a direct relationship between the concentration of metal(loid)s and demographic indicators and body composition (P
ISSN:0946-672X
1878-3252
DOI:10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127424