Triclosan, an antimicrobial drug, induced reproductive impairment in the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)

Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial drug, is known to occupy different compartments in aquatic ecosystems. The present study focused to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of triclosan, at environmentally relevant (0.009 and 9 μg L−1) and sublethal (176.7 μg L−1) concentrations for 90 days in the pre-s...

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Published in:Toxicology and industrial health 2024-05, Vol.40 (5), p.254-271
Main Authors: Chokki Veettil, Priyatha, Nikarthil Sidhick, Jeena, Kavungal Abdulkhader, Sajeela, MS, Siva Prasad, Kumari Chidambaran, Chitra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anabas testudineus
Antimicrobial agents
Aquatic ecosystems
Aromatic compounds
Biomarkers
Brain
Chronic exposure
Defence mechanisms
Drugs
Endocrine disruptors
Enzymes
Fish
Freshwater
Freshwater fish
Freshwater fishes
Gene expression
Genes
Gonadosomatic index
Gonadotropins
Gonads
Histology
Hormones
Inland water environment
Mucus
Ovaries
Pituitary (anterior)
Serum
Sex hormones
Spawning
Steroidogenesis
Toxicants
Toxicity
Triclosan
Xenoestrogens
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Summary:Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial drug, is known to occupy different compartments in aquatic ecosystems. The present study focused to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of triclosan, at environmentally relevant (0.009 and 9 μg L−1) and sublethal (176.7 μg L−1) concentrations for 90 days in the pre-spawning phase of the fish, Anabas testudineus. The reproductive biomarkers, namely, gonadal steroidogenic enzymes, expression of aromatic genes, levels of serum gonadotropins, sex hormones, and histology of gonads were analyzed. The weight of the animal, brain weights along with gonadosomatic index decreased while mucus deposition increased significantly at all concentrations of triclosan as the primary defensive mechanism to prevent the entry of toxicants. Triclosan disrupted gonadal steroidogenesis as evidenced by a reduction in the activities of gonadal steroidogenic enzymes. The expressions of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b genes were up-regulated in the brain of both sexes and testis, while down-regulated in the ovary indicating estrogenic effects of the compound. The endocrine-disrupting effects of triclosan were confirmed. The current results suggest that chronic exposure to triclosan altered reproductive endpoints thereby impairing normal reproductive functions in fish.
ISSN:0748-2337
1477-0393
DOI:10.1177/07482337241242510