Triclosan, an antimicrobial drug, induced reproductive impairment in the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)

• Published in: Toxicology and industrial health 2024-05, Vol.40 (5), p.254-271
• Main Authors: Chokki Veettil, Priyatha, Nikarthil Sidhick, Jeena, Kavungal Abdulkhader, Sajeela, MS, Siva Prasad, Kumari Chidambaran, Chitra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anabas testudineus; Antimicrobial agents; Aquatic ecosystems; Aromatic compounds; Biomarkers; Brain; Chronic exposure; Defence mechanisms; Drugs; Endocrine disruptors; Enzymes; Fish; Freshwater; Freshwater fish; Freshwater fishes; Gene expression; Genes; Gonadosomatic index; Gonadotropins; Gonads; Histology; Hormones; Inland water environment; Mucus; Ovaries; Pituitary (anterior); Serum; Sex hormones; Spawning; Steroidogenesis; Toxicants; Toxicity; Triclosan; Xenoestrogens
• ISSN: 0748-2337; 1477-0393
• DOI: 10.1177/07482337241242510

Triclosan (TCS), an antimicrobial drug, is known to occupy different compartments in aquatic ecosystems. The present study focused to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of triclosan, at environmentally relevant (0.009 and 9 μg L−1) and sublethal (176.7 μg L−1) concentrations for 90 days in the pre-spawning phase of the fish, Anabas testudineus. The reproductive biomarkers, namely, gonadal steroidogenic enzymes, expression of aromatic genes, levels of serum gonadotropins, sex hormones, and histology of gonads were analyzed. The weight of the animal, brain weights along with gonadosomatic index decreased while mucus deposition increased significantly at all concentrations of triclosan as the primary defensive mechanism to prevent the entry of toxicants. Triclosan disrupted gonadal steroidogenesis as evidenced by a reduction in the activities of gonadal steroidogenic enzymes. The expressions of cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b genes were up-regulated in the brain of both sexes and testis, while down-regulated in the ovary indicating estrogenic effects of the compound. The endocrine-disrupting effects of triclosan were confirmed. The current results suggest that chronic exposure to triclosan altered reproductive endpoints thereby impairing normal reproductive functions in fish.