Wastewater reuse in France: Water quality standards and wastewater treatment technologies

Wastewater reuse is not widely applied in France, because water resources match most of the needs. Only 6 projects were in operation in 1989. But more than 15 new projects were found to have been set up 7 years later. In the meantime, the Ministry of Health issued a provisional regulation on the reu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 1999, Vol.40 (4-5), p.37-42
Main Authors: Faby, J.A., Brissaud, F., Bontoux, J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural and forest climatology and meteorology. Irrigation. Drainage
Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions
Applied sciences
Bathing
Biological and medical sciences
Chlorination
Environmental law
Eutrophication
Exact sciences and technology
France
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General agronomy. Plant production
General purification processes
Irrigation
Irrigation. Drainage
Pollution
Quality standards
regulations
Rehabilitation
Residence time
Rivers
Shellfish
Shellfish culture
Shellfish farming
Wastewater
Wastewater irrigation
Wastewater reuse
Wastewater treatment
Wastewaters
Wastewaters reuse. Miscellaneous
Water law
Water quality
Water quality standards
Water resources
Water reuse
Water treatment and pollution
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Summary:Wastewater reuse is not widely applied in France, because water resources match most of the needs. Only 6 projects were in operation in 1989. But more than 15 new projects were found to have been set up 7 years later. In the meantime, the Ministry of Health issued a provisional regulation on the reuse of wastewater for irrigation purposes and the Ministry of Environment a Water Law and application decrees acknowledging wastewater reuse as a means of disposal for treated wastewater, which is recommended to be implemented along the coastline. Actually, most of the projects are located in Atlantic islands and on the Atlantic coast. They were developed not only to face the limitation of water resources but also as a means of protecting bathing waters and shellfish farming areas. Most hinterland projects were driven by the rehabilitation of rivers threatened by eutrophication. The inforcement of the recommendations of the Ministry of Health resulted in a slowing down of the development of wastewater reuse and the implementation of wastewater treatments — long residence time lagooning or chlorination and ultra violet radiations - providing water quality higher than required by the standards.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.1016/S0273-1223(99)00483-7