Development of silver-metal oxide reactive air braze alloys for electroding PZT ceramics

Existing multi-layer devices using lead-based piezoelectric ceramics utilize an internal electrode that does not bond the ceramic layers. Improvements in device performance and processing could be gained if the electrode also acted as a bond between the ceramic layers. In the current work, the feasi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of materials science 2007-01, Vol.42 (2), p.705-713
Main Authors: PAVLINA, E. J, MEIER, A. M, MONTELEONE, P, WEIGNER, J. D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alloy development
Alloys
Applied sciences
Brazed joints
Brazing
Brazing alloys
Building materials. Ceramics. Glasses
Ceramic bonding
Ceramic industries
Ceramics
Chemical industry and chemicals
Contact angle
Contact potentials
Copper
Copper oxides
Cross-disciplinary physics: materials science
rheology
Devices
Electrodes
Electrotechnical and electronic ceramics
Exact sciences and technology
Fracture strength
Joining
welding
Lead oxides
Lead zirconate titanates
Materials science
Materials synthesis
materials processing
Melt temperature
Metal oxides
Metals. Metallurgy
Multilayers
Oxidation
Oxides
Physics
Piezoelectric ceramics
Piezoelectricity
Reaction products
Silver
Silver base alloys
Technical ceramics
Titanium
Vanadium pentoxide
Wettability
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Summary:Existing multi-layer devices using lead-based piezoelectric ceramics utilize an internal electrode that does not bond the ceramic layers. Improvements in device performance and processing could be gained if the electrode also acted as a bond between the ceramic layers. In the current work, the feasibility of brazing lead zirconate titanate (PZT) in ambient conditions utilizing silver-based alloys containing low melting temperature metal oxides was investigated. Wettability, joint fracture strength, and microstructural analyses were conducted for various PZT/silver–metal oxide systems. The metal oxide additions included copper (II) oxide, vanadium pentoxide, lead (II) oxide, and eutectic lead oxide-titanium (IV) oxide. The silver–copper oxide (Ag–CuO) system demonstrated the most potential; exhibiting an apparent contact angle of approximately 64° and an average braze joint fracture strength that was approximately 62% of the monolithic PZT strength. In addition, no significant reaction product formation was observed at the silver/PZT interface. However, a preliminary investigation of multi-layer devices electroded with Ag–CuO alloys indicated a decrease in the resistivity of the brazed PZT by several orders of magnitude.
ISSN:0022-2461
1573-4803
DOI:10.1007/s10853-006-1381-0