A review of the environmental fate, effects, and exposures of bisphenol A

• Published in: Chemosphere (Oxford) 1998-04, Vol.36 (10), p.2149-2173
• Main Authors: Staples, Charles A., Dome, Philip B., Klecka, Gary M., Oblock, Sondra T., Harris, Lynne R.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Air Pollutants, Occupational - chemistry; Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Applied ecology; Applied sciences; Benzhydryl Compounds; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biological and medical sciences; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution; Environmental Pollutants - analysis; Environmental Pollutants - toxicity; Exact sciences and technology; Fresh water environment; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Global environmental pollution; Half-Life; Humans; Phenols - chemistry; Phenols - toxicity; Pollution; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
• ISSN: 0045-6535; 1879-1298
• DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10133-3

Bisphenol A (CAS 85-05-7) may be released into the environment through its use and handling, and permitted discharges. BPA is moderately soluble (I20 to 300 mg/L at pH 7), may adsorb to sediment (Koc 314 to 1524), has low volatility, and is not persistent based on its rapid biodegradation in acclimated wastewater treatment plants and receiving waters (half-lives 2.5 to 4 days). BPA is “slightly to moderately” toxic (algal EC 50 of 1000 μg/L) and has low potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms (BCFs 5 to 68). The chronic NOEC for Daphnia magna is >3146 pg/L. Surface water concentrations are at least one to several orders of magnitude lower than chronic effects, with most levels nondetected.