Unraveling the Activity and Mechanism of TM@g‑C4N3 Electrocatalysts in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

• Published in: ACS applied materials & interfaces 2024-04, Vol.16 (14), p.17617-17625
• Main Authors: Deng, Hao, Deng, Dan, Jin, Shangbin, Tian, Zhihong, Yang, Li-Ming
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Energy, Environmental, and Catalysis Applications
• ISSN: 1944-8244; 1944-8252
• DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01342

In this work, a high-throughput screening strategy and density functional theory (DFT) are jointly employed to identify high-performance TM@g-C4N3 (TM = 3d, 4d, 5d transition metals) single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Comprehensive studies demonstrated that Cu@, Zn@, and Ag@g-C4N3 show high ORR catalytic activities under both acidic and alkaline conditions with favorable overpotentials (ηORR) of 0.70, 0.89, and 0.89 V, respectively; among them, Cu@g-C4N3 is the best candidate. The ORR follows a four-electron mechanism with the final product H2O/OH–. Cu@, Zn@, and Ag@g-C4N3 catalysts also exhibit good thermal (500 K) and electrochemical (0.93–3.14 V) stabilities. Cu@, Zn@, and Ag@g-C4N3 demonstrate superior activities with low ηORR due to its moderate adsorption strength of *OH. The ηORR and the Gibbs free energy changes of *OH (ΔG 4 (acidic)/ΔG 4 (alkaline)) resemble a volcano-type relationship under acidic/alkaline conditions, respectively. Additionally, the O–O bond length in *OOH emerged as an effective structural descriptor for rapidly identifying the promising electrocatalysts. This research provides valuable insights into the origin of the ORR activity on TM@g-C4N3 and offers useful guidance for the efficient exploration of high-performance catalyst candidates.