A historical and current perspective on predicting thermal cookoff behavior

Prediction of thermal explosions using chemical kinetic models dates back nearly a century. However, it has only been within the past 25 years that kinetic models and digital computers made reliable predictions possible. Two basic approaches have been used to derive chemical kinetic models for high...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 2007-08, Vol.89 (2), p.407-415
Main Authors: BURNHAM, A. K, WEESE, R. K, WEMHOFF, A. P, MAIENSCHEIN, J. L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Chemical industry and chemicals
Critical temperature
Differential scanning calorimetry
Digital computers
Exact sciences and technology
Explosions
Gas analysis
Industrial chemicals
Infrared analysis
Infrared spectroscopy
Mass spectrometry
Powders, propellants, explosives
Predictions
Reaction kinetics
Scientific imaging
Temperature profiles
Thermogravimetric analysis
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Summary:Prediction of thermal explosions using chemical kinetic models dates back nearly a century. However, it has only been within the past 25 years that kinetic models and digital computers made reliable predictions possible. Two basic approaches have been used to derive chemical kinetic models for high explosives: [1] measurement of the reaction rate of small samples by mass loss (thermogravimetric analysis, TG), heat release (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), or evolved gas analysis (mass spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, etc.) or [2] inference from larger-scale experiments measuring the critical temperature (Tm, lowest T for self-initiation), the time to explosion as a function of temperature, and sometimes a few other results, such as temperature profiles. Some of the basic principles of chemical kinetics involved are outlined, and major advances in these two approaches through the years are reviewed.
ISSN:1388-6150
1588-2926
1572-8943
DOI:10.1007/s10973-006-8161-6