A comprehensive LCMS/MS characterization for the green extracted cucurbitane-triterpenoid glycosides from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) fruit

• Published in: Food chemistry 2024-07, Vol.445, p.138479-138479, Article 138479
• Main Authors: Ahmad, Rizwan, Aldholmi, Mohammed, Alqathama, Aljawharah, Al Nahab, Hasan Zaki, Almutawah, Alhassan Ibrahim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: ANOVA; Extract yields; Fresh vs dried-BM; Fruit - chemistry; Fruit parts; Glycosides; KVs yields; Momordica charantia; Plant Extracts - analysis; Solvents; Triterpenes
• ISSN: 0308-8146; 1873-7072
• DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138479

•Green and ecofriendly US-extraction and LCMS/MS analysis method developed.•Dried bitter melon skin revealed more extract yield compared to the fresh fruit.•Solvent yield observed was H2O > EtOH > EtAC > ACT.•The yield for KVs was KVXI > KVX > KVVIII.•More correlation observed for solvent Vs extract yield, and KVXI Vs fruit parts. A first-time green extraction and LCMSMS analysis for karavilosides (KVs) VIII, X, and XI in different parts (skin, pith, and seed) of the fresh and dried fruit of bitter melon (BM) is reported herein. Ultrasonication for green extraction whereas, LCMS/MS for KVs quantification were used. More extract yield (675.80 ± 163.57 mg/g) was observed for the dried fruit parts compared to the fresh BM-fruit parts (513.20 ± 75.42 mg/g). The fresh skin (343.40 ± 54.07 mg/4g) and dried seeds (311.80 and 77.95 ± 38.98) exhibited more yield whereas, the solvent yield (mg/4mg) observed was; H2O (651.70) > EtOH (227.20) > EtAC (163.30) > ACT (146.80). The LCMS/MS yield for the KVs revealed a descending order; KVXI (2376.44 ppb) > KVX (639.17 ppb) > KVVIII (599.83 ppb). More correlation was seen for the solvent Vs extract yield whereas, the KVs revealed more correlation for the BM-fruit part (P = 0.05). The study comprehensively characterized the parts of fresh and dried BM-fruits in terms of extract yield and KVs amount.