Obesity: An Impact with Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases

The authors sought to correlate the complex sequel of obesity with various parameters known to develop metabolic syndrome viz. insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension etc., as these anomalies are linked to vascular atherosclerosis and outbreak of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.  ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Indian journal of clinical biochemistry 2024-04, Vol.39 (2), p.168-178
Main Authors: Dutta, Savi, Singhal, A. K., Suryan, Varsha, Chandra, Nimai Chand
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arteriosclerosis
Atherogenesis
Atherosclerosis
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Blood vessels
Cerebrovascular diseases
Chemistry/Food Science
Diabetes mellitus
Dyslipidemia
Heart attacks
Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperglycemia
Insulin resistance
Leptin
Life Sciences
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolism
Microbiology
Myocardial infarction
Obesity
Outbreaks
Pathology
Review Article
Stroke
Surveys
Vascular diseases
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Summary:The authors sought to correlate the complex sequel of obesity with various parameters known to develop metabolic syndrome viz. insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension etc., as these anomalies are linked to vascular atherosclerosis and outbreak of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.  A comprehensive online survey using MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for relevant journals from 1970 till present time (2023) with key search terms like: ‘obesity’, ‘leptin’, type-2 diabetes’, ‘atherosclerosis’, ‘cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases’. The findings of the reports were compared and correlated. The information was then collated for developing this review. Reports showed that in human obesity, hyper-leptinemia could induce hyperglycemia, which in turn templates hypercholesterolemia. Persisting hypercholesterolemia over a period of time may en-route atherosclerosis in blood vessels. Thus obesity has been considered as a template for originating hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and outbreak of vascular atherogenesis or in other words, obesity in long run can trigger atherosclerosis and its related disorders e.g. heart attack and stroke. Literature survey shows that primarily, co-morbidities of human obesity start with leptin and insulin resistance and then multiplies with metabolic irregularities to an extreme that results in pathogenesis of heart attack and stroke. Atherosclerosis associated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are independent risks of obese subjects and particularly in the cases of persisting obesity.
ISSN:0970-1915
0974-0422
DOI:10.1007/s12291-023-01157-w