The Relationship between Diet, Gut Mycobiome, and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Evidence, Doubts, and Prospects

• Published in: Molecular nutrition & food research 2024-05, Vol.68 (9), p.e2300382-n/a
• Main Authors: Liu, Tianxu, Asif, Ismail Muhammad, Chen, Yan, Zhang, Meixue, Li, Bin, Wang, Ling
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Diet; Diet, Mediterranean; dietary pattern; Digestive system; functional gastrointestinal disorders; Fungi; Gastrointestinal diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases - microbiology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Gastrointestinal tract; Humans; Intestine; Mycobiome; Neurological diseases; Nutrients; Pathogenesis
• ISSN: 1613-4125; 1613-4133; 1613-4133
• DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300382

Gut fungi are important parts of intestinal microbes. Dietary ingredients have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi in different directions and modulate mycobiome composition by changing dietary patterns, which have been applied to neurological disorders. Emerging pieces of evidence have revealed the regulatory functions of gut mycobiome in gastrointestinal diseases, but the relationships between gut fungi and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are ignored in the past. This review discusses the impact of dietary nutrients and patterns on mycobiome, and the possible ways in which gut fungi are involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs. Besides affecting host immunity, intestinal fungi can be involved in the pathogenesis of FGIDs by endosymbiosis or bidirectional regulation with gut bacteria as well. In addition, the Mediterranean diet may be the most appropriate dietary pattern for subjects with FGIDs. A full understanding of these associations may have important implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of FGIDs. Dietary ingredients and patterns have the potential to regulate the structure of gut fungi. The relationship between mycobiome and diet may have important implications for the pathogenesis of funcitonal gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs).