Comprehensive study of the interplay between immunological and metabolic factors in hepatic steatosis

• Published in: International immunopharmacology 2024-05, Vol.133, p.112091-112091, Article 112091
• Main Authors: Banerjee, Arnab, Das, Debasmita, Mukherjee, Sandip, Maji, Bithin Kumar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - immunology; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - therapy; Fatty Liver - immunology; Fatty Liver - metabolism; Fatty Liver - therapy; HCC; Hepatic steatosis; Humans; Immune cell regulation; Insulin Resistance - immunology; Lipid Metabolism; Liver - immunology; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Liver Neoplasms - immunology; Liver Neoplasms - metabolism; Liver Neoplasms - therapy; Liver transplantation; NAFLD; NASH; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - immunology; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - therapy
• ISSN: 1567-5769; 1878-1705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112091

[Display omitted] •The report investigates the interplay of several mechanisms in hepatic steatosis.•Immune-metabolic interactions to develop tailored therapies for liver diseases.•In hepatic steatosis, immune cell modulation is crucial.•Immune cell-targeting therapies lessen inflammation and hepatic fibrosis.•Advancement of liver transplantation and immune cell control in hepatic disorders. The pathophysiology of hepatic steatosis is thoroughly reviewed in this comprehensive report, with particular attention to the complex interactions between inflammatory pathways, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, metabolic dysregulation, and immunological responses in the liver including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study highlights the role of immune cell regulation in disease progression and explores the potential of immune cell-specific treatments for treating hepatic disorders. The development of liver disorders is significantly influenced by immune cells, including dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Clinical investigations show that immune cell-specific treatments can effectively reduce liver fibrosis and inflammation. Future research should focus on finding new immunological targets for therapeutic interventions, as well as addressing the management challenges associated with NAFLD/NASH. Hepatic immune microorganisms also impact liver homeostasis and disorders. Improvements in immune cell regulation and liver transplantation methods give patients hope for better prognoses. Important phases include optimizing the selection of donors for malignancy of the liver, using machine perfusion for organ preservation, and fine-tuning immunosuppressive strategies. For focused treatments in hepatic steatosis, it is imperative to understand the intricate interactions between immune and metabolic variables. Understanding the liver's heterogeneous immune profile, encompassing a range of immune cell subpopulations, is crucial for formulating focused therapeutic interventions. To improve patient care and outcomes in hepatic illnesses, there is an urgent need for further research and innovation. Therefore, to effectively treat hepatic steatosis, it is important to enhance therapeutic techniques and maximize liver transplantation strategies.