Noni enhances the anticancer activity of cyclophosphamide and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice

• Published in: Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 2024-04, Vol.150 (4), p.212-212, Article 212
• Main Authors: Ali, Mohammad, Manjula, S. N., Mohiuddin, Ishfaq, Mruthunjaya, K., Shakeel, Faiyaz, Mir, Suhail Ahmad, Wani, Shahid Ud Din
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - adverse effects; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Antitumor activity; Biochemical markers; Body weight; Breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Cancer Research; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - etiology; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - prevention & control; Combination therapy; Cyclophosphamide; Cyclophosphamide - adverse effects; Cyclophosphamide - pharmacology; Cytotoxicity; DNA adducts; Drug Synergism; Female; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Fruit juices; Hematology; Hepatotoxicity; Herbal medicine; Humans; Internal Medicine; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Morinda - chemistry; Myelosuppression; Oncology; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Tumor cell lines; Tumors; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
• ISSN: 1432-1335; 0171-5216; 1432-1335
• DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05734-1

Background and aim Morinda citrifolia fruit juice (noni) is an herbal remedy documented to have antioxidant properties. It has been suggested that prevention of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and the antioxidant activity of NJ may contribute to the cancer preventive effect. In the present study, the antitumor activity of noni was investigated in the presence of cyclophosphamide (CYL) in vitro and in vivo. Methods In vitro breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) were used to measure the percentage of inhibition and the IC 50 . The in vivo antitumor activity of noni was studied by monitoring the mean survival time (MST), percentage increase in life span (%ILS), viable and non-viable cell count, tumor volume, body weight, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters in mice. Treatment with noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity toward breast cancer cells. Results Individual treatment of noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines, while in combination therapy of noni and CYL, noni enhances cytotoxic effect of CYL at 48 h than that at 24 h. Similar result was found in in vivo studies, the results of which revealed that alone treatment of CYL and noni suppressed tumor growth. However, combination treatment with CYL and noni presented better tumor inhibition than that of alone treatment of CYL and noni. On the contrary, CYL alone drastically attenuated hematological parameters, i.e., RBC, WBC, and Hb compared to normal and control groups, and this change was reversed and normalized by noni when given as combination therapy with CYL. Moreover, the levels of serum biochemical markers, i.e., AST, ALP, and ALT, were significantly increased in the control and CYL-treated groups than those in the normal group. In the combination treatment of noni and CYL, the above biochemical marker levels significantly decreased compared to CYL alone-treated group. Conclusions The present study suggested that CYL treatment can cause serious myelotoxicity and hepatic injury in cancer patients. In conclusion, the combined use of noni with CYL potentially enhances the antitumor activity of CYL and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by CYL in tumor-bearing mice.