Programmed Death 1 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Can Serve as Prognostic Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive form of liver cancer with poor prognosis. The lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection and accurate diagnosis and prognosis poses a significant challenge to its effective clinical management. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic a...

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Published in:Cancers 2024-04, Vol.16 (8), p.1493
Main Authors: Lee, Ji Ah, Choi, Hei-Gwon, Eun, Hyuk Soo, Bu, Jiyoon, Jang, Tae Min, Lee, Jeongdong, Son, Chae Yeon, Kim, Min Seok, Rou, Woo Sun, Kim, Seok Hyun, Lee, Byung Seok, Kim, Ha Neul, Lee, Tae Hee, Jeon, Hong Jae
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Apoptosis
Ascites
Biobanks
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Cell death
Clinical outcomes
CTLA-4 protein
Cytotoxicity
Disease
Gene amplification
Gene expression
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hospitals
Immunotherapy
Leukocytes (mononuclear)
Liver cancer
Lymphocytes T
Malignancy
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Patients
PD-1 protein
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Prognosis
Proteins
Tumors
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Summary:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive form of liver cancer with poor prognosis. The lack of reliable biomarkers for early detection and accurate diagnosis and prognosis poses a significant challenge to its effective clinical management. In this study, we investigated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in HCC. PD-1 and CTLA-4 gene expression was analyzed comparatively using PBMCs collected from HCC patients and healthy individuals. The results revealed higher PD-1 gene expression levels in patients with multifocal tumors, lymphatic invasion, or distant metastasis than those in their control counterparts. However, conventional serum biomarkers of liver function do not exhibit similar correlations. In conclusion, PD-1 gene expression is associated with OS and PFS and CTLA-4 gene expression is associated with OS, whereas the serum biomarkers analyzed in this study show no significant correlation with survival in HCC. Hence, PD-1 and CTLA-4 expressed in PBMCs are considered potential prognostic biomarkers for patients with HCC that can facilitate prediction of malignancy, response to currently available HCC treatments, and overall survival.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers16081493