Non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor, mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract: a review of tumor genetics, pathology, and cross-sectional imaging findings

There is a diverse group of non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that demonstrate characteristic pathology and histogenesis as well as variable imaging findings and biological behavior. Recent advancements in tumor genetics have unveiled...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Abdominal imaging 2024-05, Vol.49 (5), p.1716-1733
Main Authors: Prasad, Aditya S., Shanbhogue, Krishna P., Ramani, Nisha S., Balasubramanya, Rashmi, Surabhi, Venkateswar R.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Abnormalities
Diagnostic Imaging - methods
Esophagus
Gastroenterology
Gastrointestinal cancer
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - genetics
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms - pathology
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - diagnostic imaging
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - genetics
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors - pathology
Gastrointestinal system
Gastrointestinal tract
Genetics
Hepatology
Histogenesis
Humans
Imaging
MDM2 protein
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Neoplasms
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Polyps
Radiology
Review
Smooth muscle
Tumors
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Summary:There is a diverse group of non-gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that demonstrate characteristic pathology and histogenesis as well as variable imaging findings and biological behavior. Recent advancements in tumor genetics have unveiled specific abnormalities associated with certain tumors, influencing their molecular pathogenesis, biology, response to treatment, and prognosis. Notably, giant fibrovascular polyps of the esophagus, identified through MDM2 gene amplifications, are now classified as liposarcomas. Some tumors exhibit distinctive patterns of disease distribution. Glomus tumors and plexiform fibromyxomas exhibit a pronounced affinity for the gastric antrum. In contrast, smooth muscle tumors within the GI tract are predominantly found in the esophagus and colorectum, surpassing the incidence of GISTs in these locations. Surgical resection suffices for symptomatic benign tumors; multimodality treatment may be necessary for frank sarcomas. This article aims to elucidate the cross-sectional imaging findings associated with a wide spectrum of these tumors, providing insights that align with their histopathological features. Graphical abstract
ISSN:2366-0058
2366-004X
2366-0058
DOI:10.1007/s00261-024-04329-1