Ethnic variation in lower face anthropometry on facial computed tomography scans for patients seeking facial feminization surgery

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is the most common form of facial gender-affirming surgery. One of the current knowledge gaps is the understanding of differences among racial groups in baseline craniofacial norms for transgender and nonbinary patients. All patients who sought consultation for FFS...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery reconstructive & aesthetic surgery, 2024-06, Vol.93, p.222-231
Main Authors: Nguyen, Nghiem H., Taylor, Jeremiah M., Huang, Kelly X., Shariati, Kaavian, Chevalier, Jose M., Miller, Meghan N., Cronin, Brendan J., Lee, Justine C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Anthropometric
Anthropometry - methods
Ethnicity
Face - anatomy & histology
Face - diagnostic imaging
Face - surgery
Facial feminization surgery
Female
Humans
Male
Measurements
Race
Retrospective Studies
Sex Reassignment Surgery - methods
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Transgender Persons
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Summary:Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is the most common form of facial gender-affirming surgery. One of the current knowledge gaps is the understanding of differences among racial groups in baseline craniofacial norms for transgender and nonbinary patients. All patients who sought consultation for FFS and underwent craniofacial computed tomography (CT) scans at a single institution between 2018 and 2023 were included. Patients who underwent previous facial surgeries were excluded. Chart reviews were conducted for patient characteristics, including race, age, hormone therapy duration, and prior gender-affirming surgeries. Racial categorizations included White, Latinx, African American, or Asian. Patients with other or multiracial identities were excluded. Lower face measurements were derived from preoperative facial CT scans. Comparative analyses were performed on all measurements among the racial groups. In this study, 204 patients were included with an average age of 32.0 ± 10.2 years and a median hormone therapy duration of 2.0 years. The notable differences among the racial groups were: 1. Zygomatic width was the largest in Asian patients (13.5 ± 0.6 cm) compared to all other racial groups (p = 0.03), 2. Nasolabial angle was the smallest in African American patients (82.5 ± 13.1 degrees, p 
ISSN:1748-6815
1878-0539
1878-0539
DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2024.04.049