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Children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis: Do these children have an increased risk of infections in early life?
Background: Mothers with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants. Both conditions pose a risk of morbidity, including early-life infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the risk of infections in the first 3 years of life among childre...
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Published in: | Multiple sclerosis 2024-08, Vol.30 (9), p.1176-1184 |
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container_title | Multiple sclerosis |
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creator | Andersen, Mette Louise Jølving, Line Riis Iachina, Maria Stenager, Egon Knudsen, Torben Nørgård, Bente Mertz |
description | Background:
Mothers with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants. Both conditions pose a risk of morbidity, including early-life infections.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the risk of infections in the first 3 years of life among children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis.
Methods:
We used Danish national health registers to establish the study cohort of all births by women with MS born from 1995 to 2023. In Cox regression models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of infections in preterm or small for gestational age children.
Results:
Preterm children had an adjusted HR of 1.49 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–1.93) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 0.88 (95% CI 0.72–1.06) for antibiotic prescriptions. Small for gestational age children had an adjusted HR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.54–1.22) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 1.07 (95% CI 0.82–1.38) for antibiotic prescriptions.
Conclusion:
Children born preterm to mothers with multiple sclerosis had an increased risk of hospital-diagnosed infections in the first 3 years of life, but not of mild-to-moderate infections evaluated on prescriptions. Children born small for gestational age did not have an increased risk of infections. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1177/13524585241249077 |
format | article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3052593213</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1177_13524585241249077</sage_id><sourcerecordid>3110942770</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-67bc9e4523386e86a819ab0e2afe9152e29297d21155dcc783b1bde3c0312b933</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc1u1DAUhS0EoqXlAdigK7Fhk-Jrx-O4m6oafqVKbOg6cpybjosTT-2kVd-Fh8WjaUEqYmMf2d89ls9h7A3yE0StP6BUolZNWVDUhmv9jB1irXXFjebPiy731Q44YK9yvua8IFK9ZAey0aiRm0P2a73xoU80QRfTBNtEM6URYoI82hBgKOqK8mxnHycbwF4RzBHGOG8oZbjz8wbGJcx-GwiyC5Ri9vkUPkYoRCZwj_4be0tgJ_CTS2Qz9ZB8_glxKCcDuZ1_LhLIpnAPwQ90dsxeDDZkev2wH7HLz59-rL9WF9-_fFufX1ROCj5XK905Q7USUjYrala2QWM7TsIOZFAJEkYY3QtEpXrndCM77HqSjksUnZHyiL3f-25TvFnKb9vRZ0ch2IniklvJlVBGCtyh756g13FJJZlCYUm0FlrzQuGeciWOnGhot8mPNt23yNtdde0_1ZWZtw_OSzdS_2fisasCnOyBXEr4--z_HX8D34Wh_A</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>3110942770</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis: Do these children have an increased risk of infections in early life?</title><source>SAGE</source><creator>Andersen, Mette Louise ; Jølving, Line Riis ; Iachina, Maria ; Stenager, Egon ; Knudsen, Torben ; Nørgård, Bente Mertz</creator><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Mette Louise ; Jølving, Line Riis ; Iachina, Maria ; Stenager, Egon ; Knudsen, Torben ; Nørgård, Bente Mertz</creatorcontrib><description>Background:
Mothers with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants. Both conditions pose a risk of morbidity, including early-life infections.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the risk of infections in the first 3 years of life among children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis.
Methods:
We used Danish national health registers to establish the study cohort of all births by women with MS born from 1995 to 2023. In Cox regression models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of infections in preterm or small for gestational age children.
Results:
Preterm children had an adjusted HR of 1.49 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–1.93) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 0.88 (95% CI 0.72–1.06) for antibiotic prescriptions. Small for gestational age children had an adjusted HR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.54–1.22) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 1.07 (95% CI 0.82–1.38) for antibiotic prescriptions.
Conclusion:
Children born preterm to mothers with multiple sclerosis had an increased risk of hospital-diagnosed infections in the first 3 years of life, but not of mild-to-moderate infections evaluated on prescriptions. Children born small for gestational age did not have an increased risk of infections.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1352-4585</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1477-0970</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-0970</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/13524585241249077</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38717109</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London, England: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Antibiotics ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Denmark - epidemiology ; Female ; Gestational age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Infections ; Infections - epidemiology ; Male ; Morbidity ; Mothers ; Multiple sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; Premature birth ; Premature Birth - epidemiology ; Registries ; Regression analysis ; Risk Factors ; Small for gestational age</subject><ispartof>Multiple sclerosis, 2024-08, Vol.30 (9), p.1176-1184</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-67bc9e4523386e86a819ab0e2afe9152e29297d21155dcc783b1bde3c0312b933</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4598-8679 ; 0000-0002-7433-7656</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,79364</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38717109$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Mette Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jølving, Line Riis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iachina, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stenager, Egon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knudsen, Torben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nørgård, Bente Mertz</creatorcontrib><title>Children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis: Do these children have an increased risk of infections in early life?</title><title>Multiple sclerosis</title><addtitle>Mult Scler</addtitle><description>Background:
Mothers with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants. Both conditions pose a risk of morbidity, including early-life infections.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the risk of infections in the first 3 years of life among children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis.
Methods:
We used Danish national health registers to establish the study cohort of all births by women with MS born from 1995 to 2023. In Cox regression models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of infections in preterm or small for gestational age children.
Results:
Preterm children had an adjusted HR of 1.49 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–1.93) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 0.88 (95% CI 0.72–1.06) for antibiotic prescriptions. Small for gestational age children had an adjusted HR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.54–1.22) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 1.07 (95% CI 0.82–1.38) for antibiotic prescriptions.
Conclusion:
Children born preterm to mothers with multiple sclerosis had an increased risk of hospital-diagnosed infections in the first 3 years of life, but not of mild-to-moderate infections evaluated on prescriptions. Children born small for gestational age did not have an increased risk of infections.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Denmark - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gestational age</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infant, Premature</subject><subject>Infant, Small for Gestational Age</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Multiple sclerosis</subject><subject>Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Premature birth</subject><subject>Premature Birth - epidemiology</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Small for gestational age</subject><issn>1352-4585</issn><issn>1477-0970</issn><issn>1477-0970</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kc1u1DAUhS0EoqXlAdigK7Fhk-Jrx-O4m6oafqVKbOg6cpybjosTT-2kVd-Fh8WjaUEqYmMf2d89ls9h7A3yE0StP6BUolZNWVDUhmv9jB1irXXFjebPiy731Q44YK9yvua8IFK9ZAey0aiRm0P2a73xoU80QRfTBNtEM6URYoI82hBgKOqK8mxnHycbwF4RzBHGOG8oZbjz8wbGJcx-GwiyC5Ri9vkUPkYoRCZwj_4be0tgJ_CTS2Qz9ZB8_glxKCcDuZ1_LhLIpnAPwQ90dsxeDDZkev2wH7HLz59-rL9WF9-_fFufX1ROCj5XK905Q7USUjYrala2QWM7TsIOZFAJEkYY3QtEpXrndCM77HqSjksUnZHyiL3f-25TvFnKb9vRZ0ch2IniklvJlVBGCtyh756g13FJJZlCYUm0FlrzQuGeciWOnGhot8mPNt23yNtdde0_1ZWZtw_OSzdS_2fisasCnOyBXEr4--z_HX8D34Wh_A</recordid><startdate>20240801</startdate><enddate>20240801</enddate><creator>Andersen, Mette Louise</creator><creator>Jølving, Line Riis</creator><creator>Iachina, Maria</creator><creator>Stenager, Egon</creator><creator>Knudsen, Torben</creator><creator>Nørgård, Bente Mertz</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>Sage Publications Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-8679</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-7656</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20240801</creationdate><title>Children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis: Do these children have an increased risk of infections in early life?</title><author>Andersen, Mette Louise ; Jølving, Line Riis ; Iachina, Maria ; Stenager, Egon ; Knudsen, Torben ; Nørgård, Bente Mertz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-67bc9e4523386e86a819ab0e2afe9152e29297d21155dcc783b1bde3c0312b933</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Denmark - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gestational age</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infant, Premature</topic><topic>Infant, Small for Gestational Age</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Multiple sclerosis</topic><topic>Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Premature birth</topic><topic>Premature Birth - epidemiology</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Small for gestational age</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Mette Louise</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jølving, Line Riis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iachina, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stenager, Egon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knudsen, Torben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nørgård, Bente Mertz</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Multiple sclerosis</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Andersen, Mette Louise</au><au>Jølving, Line Riis</au><au>Iachina, Maria</au><au>Stenager, Egon</au><au>Knudsen, Torben</au><au>Nørgård, Bente Mertz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis: Do these children have an increased risk of infections in early life?</atitle><jtitle>Multiple sclerosis</jtitle><addtitle>Mult Scler</addtitle><date>2024-08-01</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>1176</spage><epage>1184</epage><pages>1176-1184</pages><issn>1352-4585</issn><issn>1477-0970</issn><eissn>1477-0970</eissn><abstract>Background:
Mothers with multiple sclerosis are at increased risk of preterm birth and small for gestational age infants. Both conditions pose a risk of morbidity, including early-life infections.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the risk of infections in the first 3 years of life among children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis.
Methods:
We used Danish national health registers to establish the study cohort of all births by women with MS born from 1995 to 2023. In Cox regression models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of infections in preterm or small for gestational age children.
Results:
Preterm children had an adjusted HR of 1.49 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–1.93) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 0.88 (95% CI 0.72–1.06) for antibiotic prescriptions. Small for gestational age children had an adjusted HR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.54–1.22) for hospital-diagnosed infection and 1.07 (95% CI 0.82–1.38) for antibiotic prescriptions.
Conclusion:
Children born preterm to mothers with multiple sclerosis had an increased risk of hospital-diagnosed infections in the first 3 years of life, but not of mild-to-moderate infections evaluated on prescriptions. Children born small for gestational age did not have an increased risk of infections.</abstract><cop>London, England</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>38717109</pmid><doi>10.1177/13524585241249077</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-8679</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7433-7656</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | SAGE |
subjects | Adult Antibiotics Child, Preschool Children Denmark - epidemiology Female Gestational age Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Infant, Small for Gestational Age Infections Infections - epidemiology Male Morbidity Mothers Multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology Pregnancy Premature birth Premature Birth - epidemiology Registries Regression analysis Risk Factors Small for gestational age |
title | Children born preterm or small for gestational age to mothers with multiple sclerosis: Do these children have an increased risk of infections in early life? |
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