Evaluating epilepsy management in an onchocerciasis-endemic area: Case of Maridi, South Sudan

• Published in: Seizure (London, England) England), 2024-05
• Main Authors: Kamoen, Olivia, Jada, Stephen Raimon, Rovarini, Jacopo Mattia, Abd-Elfarag, Gasim, Amaral, Luís-Jorge, Bol, Yak, Siewe Fodjo, Joseph Nelson, Colebunders, Robert
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Burden; Epilepsy; Ivermectin; Nodding syndrome; Onchocerciasis; Treatment
• ISSN: 1059-1311; 1532-2688
• DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.001

•High onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) burden was documented in Maridi.•Epilepsy clinics are needed in areas with a high epilepsy prevalence.•Trained primary healthcare workers can provide care for persons with epilepsy.•Access to anti-seizure medication is essential in onchocerciasis-endemic areas.•Evidenced-based information about OAE may decrease epilepsy-related stigma. The epilepsy prevalence in Maridi County, South Sudan, in 2018 was 43.8 (95% CI: 40.9–47.0) per 1000 persons; 85.2% of the identified persons with epilepsy (PWE) met the criteria of onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy. To address this health problem, an epilepsy clinic was established at Maridi County Hospital in 2020. In August 2023, the impact of the clinic on the lives of PWE and their families was evaluated. At the Maridi epilepsy clinic, data routinely collected by primary healthcare workers as part of patient care was reviewed. We also analyzed findings from two household surveys conducted in 2018 and 2022, which assessed the impact of the clinic on epilepsy care. Moreover, four households, each with four PWE, were visited in a high epilepsy prevalence area. PWE were examined by a neurologist, and in-depth interviews were conducted with family members. The proportion of PWE on anti-seizure medication increased by 39.7% (95%CI: 35.3–44.2) between 2018 and 2022. The proportion of PWE reporting daily seizures decreased from 27.3% in 2018 to 5.3% in 2022. Of the 754 PWE seen in the clinic in July 2023, only 17 (2.3%) reported side effects. During household visits in July 2023, 13/173 (7.5%) of the visited PWE were found without remaining anti-seizure medication. A high level of epilepsy-related stigma was observed in all visited households. The Maridi epilepsy clinic positively impacted the lives of PWE in Maridi. Similar initiatives should be accessible for all PWE living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas. Evidence-based information about OAE is needed to decrease misconceptions and epilepsy-related stigma.