Efficacy of antimalarials in oral lichen planus: A systematic review

Objective To evaluate whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) are effective for the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). Materials and Methods A literature search was conducted in four databases. Clinical studies investigating the effect of HCQ/CQ in patients with OLP were included. R...

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Published in:Oral diseases 2024-10, Vol.30 (7), p.4098-4112
Main Authors: Tillero, Rosana, González‐Serrano, José, Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto, Serrano, Julia, Hernández, Gonzalo, López‐Pintor, Rosa María
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
antimalarials
Antimalarials - therapeutic use
Chloroquine
Chloroquine - therapeutic use
Corticosteroids
Dexamethasone
Griseofulvin
Humans
Hydroxychloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine - therapeutic use
Lichen planus
Lichen Planus, Oral - drug therapy
oral lichen planus
Pain
Patients
Pigmentation
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Skin pigmentation
treatment
Treatment Outcome
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Summary:Objective To evaluate whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) or chloroquine (CQ) are effective for the treatment of oral lichen planus (OLP). Materials and Methods A literature search was conducted in four databases. Clinical studies investigating the effect of HCQ/CQ in patients with OLP were included. Results Eleven studies were included. Four were RCTs and seven quasi‐experimental studies. The studies included 390 patients diagnosed with OLP, of which 326 and 7 received HCQ and CQ, respectively. 46 patients received topical dexamethasone, 5 placebo and 6 griseofulvin as controls. Five studies assessed pain, and all of them obtained pain reduction with the use of HCQ. Six studies reported objective clinical improvement of OLP with the use of HCQ. Five studies that used a subjective scale obtained that 24%–100% of the patients achieved a complete/almost complete improvement of OLP lesions and its symptomatology. The most frequent side effects were vision problems, gastric discomfort, rash, nauseas, headaches, skin pigmentation, and elevated kidney function. 17 patients had to withdraw from the studies. Conclusions Current evidence is scarce to confirm HCQ as a therapeutic option for OLP. More RCTs are needed to compare its efficacy with topical corticosteroids and to evaluate whether HCQ reduces relapses of OLP.
ISSN:1354-523X
1601-0825
1601-0825
DOI:10.1111/odi.14975