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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a polyherbal drug: human health exposure-associated risk assessment study
PAHs are pervasive pollutants known to bioaccumulate in environmental matrices, plants, and humans. Dr. Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a polyherbal drug with unsubstantiated claims to treat various diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PAHs were measured following EPA-16 PAHs guidelines using Gas Chromatography...
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| Published in: | International journal of environmental health research 2025-01, Vol.35 (1), p.210-219 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 210 |
| container_title | International journal of environmental health research |
| container_volume | 35 |
| creator | Udom, Godswill J. Obilor, Oluchi F. Aziakpono, Omoirri M. Aturamu, Ayodeji Ogbonnaya, Mba Umana, Israel K. Udom, Nita-Wills G. Yemitan, Omoniyi K. |
| description | PAHs are pervasive pollutants known to bioaccumulate in environmental matrices, plants, and humans. Dr. Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a polyherbal drug with unsubstantiated claims to treat various diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PAHs were measured following EPA-16 PAHs guidelines using Gas Chromatography (Agilent-6890N, USA). The drug's exposure-associated public health concerns was determined using suitable mathematical paradigms. PAHs present were acenaphthene (2.74 × 10
−2
), pyrene (2.7598 × 10
−2
), and chrysene (5.1277 × 10
−2
) ppm. Dietary intake of chrysene, acenaphthene and pyrene for adults, and children ranged from 2.466-4.615 × 10
−3
and 1.215-2.308 × 10
−3
ppm/mg/kg, respectively. B[α]Peq, EDB[α]Peq, and incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined to be 5.6777 × 10
−4
, 5.109912 × 10
−5
and 5.3289 × 10
−12
, respectively. Our results suggest a high risk of non-carcinogenic adverse health effects, especially on chronic exposure among adolescents and adults, necessitating caution and/or avoidance of its chronic use. Therefore, policy formulation and implementation as regards the safety of plant-based remedies and allied products before their distribution among end-users must be ensured. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/09603123.2024.2350591 |
| format | article |
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−2
), pyrene (2.7598 × 10
−2
), and chrysene (5.1277 × 10
−2
) ppm. Dietary intake of chrysene, acenaphthene and pyrene for adults, and children ranged from 2.466-4.615 × 10
−3
and 1.215-2.308 × 10
−3
ppm/mg/kg, respectively. B[α]Peq, EDB[α]Peq, and incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined to be 5.6777 × 10
−4
, 5.109912 × 10
−5
and 5.3289 × 10
−12
, respectively. Our results suggest a high risk of non-carcinogenic adverse health effects, especially on chronic exposure among adolescents and adults, necessitating caution and/or avoidance of its chronic use. Therefore, policy formulation and implementation as regards the safety of plant-based remedies and allied products before their distribution among end-users must be ensured.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0960-3123</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1369-1619</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1369-1619</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2350591</identifier><identifier>PMID: 38720620</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Acenaphthene ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Adults ; Bioaccumulation ; Carcinogens ; Child ; Chronic exposure ; Chrysene ; Diet ; Dietary intake ; Exposure ; Female ; Food intake ; Gas chromatography ; Health risks ; herbal medicine ; Humans ; Male ; PAHs poisoning ; Plant layout ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis ; Public health ; Pyrene ; Risk Assessment</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental health research, 2025-01, Vol.35 (1), p.210-219</ispartof><rights>2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 2024</rights><rights>2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c342t-ea2e9118f0373d07b6faa9ef5f02eeb59ba44e94b50bcffdc30d28f389ca8fb03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38720620$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Udom, Godswill J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obilor, Oluchi F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aziakpono, Omoirri M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aturamu, Ayodeji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogbonnaya, Mba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umana, Israel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Udom, Nita-Wills G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yemitan, Omoniyi K.</creatorcontrib><title>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a polyherbal drug: human health exposure-associated risk assessment study</title><title>International journal of environmental health research</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Health Res</addtitle><description>PAHs are pervasive pollutants known to bioaccumulate in environmental matrices, plants, and humans. Dr. Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a polyherbal drug with unsubstantiated claims to treat various diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PAHs were measured following EPA-16 PAHs guidelines using Gas Chromatography (Agilent-6890N, USA). The drug's exposure-associated public health concerns was determined using suitable mathematical paradigms. PAHs present were acenaphthene (2.74 × 10
−2
), pyrene (2.7598 × 10
−2
), and chrysene (5.1277 × 10
−2
) ppm. Dietary intake of chrysene, acenaphthene and pyrene for adults, and children ranged from 2.466-4.615 × 10
−3
and 1.215-2.308 × 10
−3
ppm/mg/kg, respectively. B[α]Peq, EDB[α]Peq, and incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined to be 5.6777 × 10
−4
, 5.109912 × 10
−5
and 5.3289 × 10
−12
, respectively. Our results suggest a high risk of non-carcinogenic adverse health effects, especially on chronic exposure among adolescents and adults, necessitating caution and/or avoidance of its chronic use. Therefore, policy formulation and implementation as regards the safety of plant-based remedies and allied products before their distribution among end-users must be ensured.</description><subject>Acenaphthene</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Bioaccumulation</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Chronic exposure</subject><subject>Chrysene</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Dietary intake</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food intake</subject><subject>Gas chromatography</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>herbal medicine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>PAHs poisoning</subject><subject>Plant layout</subject><subject>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Pyrene</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><issn>0960-3123</issn><issn>1369-1619</issn><issn>1369-1619</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kcFu1DAQhi0EotvCI4AsceGSZWzH2ZgTVQUFqRIc4GxNnDFJceLFTgR5exLtlgMHTjMjfTPzSx9jLwTsBdTwBkwFSki1lyDLvVQatBGP2E6oyhSiEuYx221MsUEX7DLnewAopYGn7ELVBwmVhB0bvsSwuMWF3nFMccBpbbqlTdFhauKYeT9y5MeV6ig1GHib5u9veTcPOPKOMEwdp9_HmOdEBeYcXY8TtTz1-QdfZ8p5oHHieZrb5Rl74jFken6uV-zbh_dfbz4Wd59vP91c3xVOlXIqCCUZIWoP6qBaODSVRzTktQdJ1GjTYFmSKRsNjfO-dQpaWXtVG4e1b0Bdsdenu8cUf86UJzv02VEIOFKcs1WglVDaSLWir_5B7-OcxjWdVUJDtQaSeqX0iXIp5pzI22PqB0yLFWA3H_bBh9182LOPde_l-frcDNT-3XoQsALvTkA_-pgG_BVTaO2ES4jJJxxdv-X4748_e0acCA</recordid><startdate>20250102</startdate><enddate>20250102</enddate><creator>Udom, Godswill J.</creator><creator>Obilor, Oluchi F.</creator><creator>Aziakpono, Omoirri M.</creator><creator>Aturamu, Ayodeji</creator><creator>Ogbonnaya, Mba</creator><creator>Umana, Israel K.</creator><creator>Udom, Nita-Wills G.</creator><creator>Yemitan, Omoniyi K.</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis LLC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20250102</creationdate><title>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a polyherbal drug: human health exposure-associated risk assessment study</title><author>Udom, Godswill J. ; Obilor, Oluchi F. ; Aziakpono, Omoirri M. ; Aturamu, Ayodeji ; Ogbonnaya, Mba ; Umana, Israel K. ; Udom, Nita-Wills G. ; Yemitan, Omoniyi K.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c342t-ea2e9118f0373d07b6faa9ef5f02eeb59ba44e94b50bcffdc30d28f389ca8fb03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Acenaphthene</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Bioaccumulation</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Chronic exposure</topic><topic>Chrysene</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Dietary intake</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food intake</topic><topic>Gas chromatography</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>herbal medicine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>PAHs poisoning</topic><topic>Plant layout</topic><topic>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Pyrene</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Udom, Godswill J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obilor, Oluchi F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aziakpono, Omoirri M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aturamu, Ayodeji</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ogbonnaya, Mba</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Umana, Israel K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Udom, Nita-Wills G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yemitan, Omoniyi K.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental health research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Udom, Godswill J.</au><au>Obilor, Oluchi F.</au><au>Aziakpono, Omoirri M.</au><au>Aturamu, Ayodeji</au><au>Ogbonnaya, Mba</au><au>Umana, Israel K.</au><au>Udom, Nita-Wills G.</au><au>Yemitan, Omoniyi K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a polyherbal drug: human health exposure-associated risk assessment study</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental health research</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Health Res</addtitle><date>2025-01-02</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>210</spage><epage>219</epage><pages>210-219</pages><issn>0960-3123</issn><issn>1369-1619</issn><eissn>1369-1619</eissn><abstract>PAHs are pervasive pollutants known to bioaccumulate in environmental matrices, plants, and humans. Dr. Iguedo Goko Cleanser® is a polyherbal drug with unsubstantiated claims to treat various diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. PAHs were measured following EPA-16 PAHs guidelines using Gas Chromatography (Agilent-6890N, USA). The drug's exposure-associated public health concerns was determined using suitable mathematical paradigms. PAHs present were acenaphthene (2.74 × 10
−2
), pyrene (2.7598 × 10
−2
), and chrysene (5.1277 × 10
−2
) ppm. Dietary intake of chrysene, acenaphthene and pyrene for adults, and children ranged from 2.466-4.615 × 10
−3
and 1.215-2.308 × 10
−3
ppm/mg/kg, respectively. B[α]Peq, EDB[α]Peq, and incremental lifetime cancer risk were determined to be 5.6777 × 10
−4
, 5.109912 × 10
−5
and 5.3289 × 10
−12
, respectively. Our results suggest a high risk of non-carcinogenic adverse health effects, especially on chronic exposure among adolescents and adults, necessitating caution and/or avoidance of its chronic use. Therefore, policy formulation and implementation as regards the safety of plant-based remedies and allied products before their distribution among end-users must be ensured.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>38720620</pmid><doi>10.1080/09603123.2024.2350591</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0960-3123 |
| ispartof | International journal of environmental health research, 2025-01, Vol.35 (1), p.210-219 |
| issn | 0960-3123 1369-1619 1369-1619 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_3053135923 |
| source | Taylor and Francis Science and Technology Collection |
| subjects | Acenaphthene Adolescent Adolescents Adult Adults Bioaccumulation Carcinogens Child Chronic exposure Chrysene Diet Dietary intake Exposure Female Food intake Gas chromatography Health risks herbal medicine Humans Male PAHs poisoning Plant layout Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis Public health Pyrene Risk Assessment |
| title | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a polyherbal drug: human health exposure-associated risk assessment study |
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