In Vivo Investigation of 3D-Printed Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Wedges in Partial Load Defects

Bone substitutes are ideally biocompatible, osteoconductive, degradable and defect-specific and provide mechanical stability. Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) offer high initial stability and faster degradation compared to the well-researched calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). Calcium magnesium pho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2024-05, Vol.17 (9), p.2136
Main Authors: Hemmerlein, Elke, Vorndran, Elke, Schmitt, Anna-Maria, Feichtner, Franziska, Waselau, Anja-Christina, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andrea
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biocompatibility
Bones
Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphates
Cement
Cements
Comparative analysis
Computed tomography
CT imaging
Defects
Degradation
Energy dispersive X ray analysis
Histology
In vivo methods and tests
Investigations
Magnesium phosphate
Mathematical models
Phosphoric acid
Powders
Radiation
Scanning electron microscopy
Sintering
Stability
Substitute bone
Three dimensional printing
Tibia
X ray analysis
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Summary:Bone substitutes are ideally biocompatible, osteoconductive, degradable and defect-specific and provide mechanical stability. Magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) offer high initial stability and faster degradation compared to the well-researched calcium phosphate cements (CPCs). Calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs) should combine the properties of both and have so far shown promising results. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the degradation and osseointegration behavior of 3D powder-printed wedges of CMPC and MPC in vivo. The wedges were post-treated with phosphoric acid (CMPC) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate (MPC) and implanted in a partially loaded defect model in the proximal rabbit tibia. The evaluation included clinical, in vivo µ-CT and X-ray examinations, histology, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for up to 30 weeks. SEM analysis revealed a zone of unreacted material in the MPC, indicating the need to optimize the manufacturing and post-treatment process. However, all materials showed excellent biocompatibility and mechanical stability. After 24 weeks, they were almost completely degraded. The slower degradation rate of the CMPC corresponded more favorably to the bone growth rate compared to the MPC. Due to the promising results of the CMPC in this study, it should be further investigated, for example in defect models with higher load.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17092136