The role of Interleukin-21 (IL-21) in allergic disorders: Biological insights and regulatory mechanisms

•Allergic diseases are increasingly common chronic conditions worldwide.•Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by different subsets of activated CD4+ T cells.•IL-21 has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental regulatory effects on allergic responses, depending on the sig...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International immunopharmacology 2024-06, Vol.134, p.111825, Article 111825
Main Authors: Saadh, Mohamed J., Alfattah, Mohammed A., Ismail, Ahmed H., Saeed, Bashar Abdullah, abbas, Huda hayder, Elashmawy, Nabila F., hashim, Ghassan A., Ismail, Khatib Sayeed, Abo-Zaid, Mabrouk A., Waggiallah, Hisham Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergic diseases
Animals
Asthma
Cytokine
Humans
Hypersensitivity - immunology
IL-21
Interleukin
Interleukins - immunology
Interleukins - metabolism
Mast Cells - immunology
Th2 Cells - immunology
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Summary:•Allergic diseases are increasingly common chronic conditions worldwide.•Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by different subsets of activated CD4+ T cells.•IL-21 has been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental regulatory effects on allergic responses, depending on the signaling state.•Both IL-21 and IL-21R have been identified as potential targets for novel cytokine-based immunotherapies in IgE-mediated diseases. In recent decades, allergic diseases subsequent from an IgE-mediated response to specific allergens have become a progressively public chronic disease worldwide. They have shaped an important medical and socio-economic burden. A significant proportion of allergic disorders are branded via a form 2 immune response relating Th2 cells, type 2 natural lymphoid cells, mast cells and eosinophils. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a participant of the type-I cytokine family manufactured through numerous subsets of stimulated CD4+ T cells and uses controlling properties on a diversity of immune cells. Increasingly, experimental sign suggests a character for IL-21 in the pathogenesis of numerous allergic disorders. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biological properties of IL-21 and to summaries current developments in its role in the regulation of allergic disorders.
ISSN:1567-5769
1878-1705
1878-1705
DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111825