Myositis as a prominent manifestation of primary skeletal muscle peripheral T-cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review

• Published in: Clinical rheumatology 2024-07, Vol.43 (7), p.2343-2349
• Main Authors: Jin, Zhengyi, Hu, Jiaqi, Min, Thumon, Chen, Lixia, Zhang, Fang, Kong, Ruina, Gao, Jie
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biopsy; Case Based Review; Case reports; case studies; Edema; Epstein-Barr virus; histopathology; Hospitals; Immunology; immunosuppression; Immunosuppressive agents; Inflammation; Kinases; Literature reviews; Lungs; Lymphatic system; Lymphocytes T; Lymphoma; Magnetic resonance imaging; Malignancy; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; muscles; Musculoskeletal system; Myositis; Pain; patients; Polymyositis; Rheumatology; Skeletal muscle; Skin; T-cell lymphoma; Tomography; Ultrasonic imaging
• ISSN: 0770-3198; 1434-9949; 1434-9949
• DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07003-5

The patient presented to the clinic with painful muscle swelling in the right lower extremity, which improved with immunosuppressive therapy. Initially, the condition was diagnosed as polymyositis but recurred soon after. After imaging and biopsy, the final diagnosis was primary skeletal muscle peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PSM-PTCL, NOS). In this report, we discuss the challenges in diagnosing and treating this aggressive malignancy and review the literature on PSM-PTCL, NOS. Key Points • To date, there are few reports of PSM-PTCL, NOS, and our case is the tenth. • It is crucial to consider PSM-PTCL, NOS, when presenting with localized muscle edema and unexplained pain. • Histopathological examination is likely the most effective method for diagnosing this rare disease.