Microhomology‐mediated repair machinery and its relationship with HPV‐mediated oncogenesis

Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse family of non‐enveloped dsDNA viruses that infect the skin and mucosal epithelia. Persistent HPV infections can lead to cancer frequently involving integration of the virus into the host genome, leading to sustained oncogene expression and loss of capsid an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical virology 2024-05, Vol.96 (5), p.e29674-n/a
Main Authors: Chatterjee, Subhajit, Starrett, Gabriel J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
DNA damage
DNA Repair
DNA viruses
DNA, Viral - genetics
Gene expression
Genomes
Homologous recombination
Human papillomavirus
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Humans
Immune response
Innate immunity
Integration
microhomology mediated end repair
Papillomaviridae - genetics
Papillomaviridae - pathogenicity
Papillomaviridae - physiology
Papillomavirus Infections - complications
Papillomavirus Infections - virology
Repair
Tumorigenesis
Virus Integration
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Summary:Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse family of non‐enveloped dsDNA viruses that infect the skin and mucosal epithelia. Persistent HPV infections can lead to cancer frequently involving integration of the virus into the host genome, leading to sustained oncogene expression and loss of capsid and genome maintenance proteins. Microhomology‐mediated double‐strand break repair, a DNA double‐stranded breaks repair pathway present in many organisms, was initially thought to be a backup but it's now seen as vital, especially in homologous recombination‐deficient contexts. Increasing evidence has identified microhomology (MH) near HPV integration junctions, suggesting MH‐mediated repair pathways drive integration. In this comprehensive review, we present a detailed summary of both the mechanisms underlying MH‐mediated repair and the evidence for its involvement in HPV integration in cancer. Lastly, we highlight the involvement of these processes in the integration of other DNA viruses and the broader implications on virus lifecycles and host innate immune response.
ISSN:0146-6615
1096-9071
DOI:10.1002/jmv.29674