Phase Composition of HiVac-VPE Lithium Niobate Optical Waveguides Identified by Spectroscopic Investigations

High-index contrast lithium niobate waveguides, fabricated by the High Vacuum Vapor-phase Proton Exchange (HiVac-VPE) technique, are very promising for increasing both the optical nonlinear and electro-optical efficiencies of photonic integrated devices. So as to play this role effectively, it is ma...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2024-05, Vol.17 (10), p.2249
Main Authors: Rambu, Alicia Petronela, Kostritskii, Sergey, Fedorov, Vyacheslav, Sevostyanov, Oleg, Chirkova, Irina, Tascu, Sorin
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorption
Atoms
Crystallography
Exchanging
High vacuum
Infrared spectroscopy
Investigations
Lithium niobate
Lithium niobates
Modulators
Numerical analysis
Optical properties
Optical waveguides
Optics
Phase composition
Photonics
Protons
Raman spectroscopy
Scientific imaging
Waveguides
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Summary:High-index contrast lithium niobate waveguides, fabricated by the High Vacuum Vapor-phase Proton Exchange (HiVac-VPE) technique, are very promising for increasing both the optical nonlinear and electro-optical efficiencies of photonic integrated devices. So as to play this role effectively, it is mandatory to know the crystallographic phase composition of waveguides and the position of protonated layers for appropriate tailoring and optimization based on the intended applications. In addition, the estimation of structural disorder and electro-optical properties of the waveguides are also of high interest. Benefiting from Raman spectroscopy, IR reflection, IR absorption, and UV-VIS absorption, the H Li NbO phase compositions, as well as the structural disorder in waveguides, were determined. Based on experimental data on the shift of the fundamental absorption edge, we have quantitatively estimated the electro-optic coefficient r in as-exchanged waveguides. The electro-optical properties of the waveguides have been found to be depending on the phase composition. The obtained results allow for reconsidering the proton exchange fabricating process of photonic nonlinear devices and electro-optic modulators based on high-index contrast channel waveguides on the LiNbO platform.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17102249