Antibacterial, cytotoxic and mechanical properties of a orthodontic cement with phosphate nano-sized and phosphorylated chitosan: An in vitro study

• Published in: Journal of dentistry 2024-07, Vol.146, p.105073, Article 105073
• Main Authors: Fernandes, Gabriela Leal Peres, Vanim, Manuela Marquesini, Delbem, Alberto Carlos Botazzo, Martorano, Antônio Secco, Raucci, Larissa Moreira Spinola de Castro, de Oliveira, Paulo Tambasco, Zucolotto, Valtencir, Dias, Bruna Juliana Moreira, Brighenti, Fernanda Lourenção, de Oliveira, Analú Barros, Moraes, João Carlos Silos, de Camargo, Emerson Rodrigues, Danelon, Marcelle
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Chitosan; Cytotoxicity; Microbiota; Orthodontics; Phosphates
• ISSN: 0300-5712; 1879-176X; 1879-176X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105073

•RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph improved mechanical properties after 7 days;.•RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph did not affect the cell viability of the fibroblast;.•RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph promoted an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans in vitro;.•Good clinical strategy for patients at high-risk caries and orthodontic treatment. Evaluate, in vitro, the effect of incorporating nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) and phosphorylated chitosan (Chi-Ph) into resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) used for orthodontic bracket cementation, on mechanical, fluoride release, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. RMGIC was combined with Chi-Ph (0.25%/0.5%) and/or TMPnano (14%). The diametral compressive/tensile strength (DCS/TS), surface hardness (SH) and degree of conversion (%DC) were determined. For fluoride (F) release, samples were immersed in des/remineralizing solutions. Antimicrobial/antibiofilm activity was evaluated by the agar diffusion test and biofilm metabolism (XTT). Cytotoxicity in fibroblasts was assessed with the resazurin method. After 24 h, the RMGIC-14%TMPnano group showed a lower TS value (p < 0.001); after 7 days the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph group showed the highest value (p < 0.001). For DCS, the RMGIC group (24 h) showed the highest value (p < 0.001); after 7 days, the highest value was observed for the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph (p < 0.001). RMGIC-14%TMPnano, RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph, RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.5%Chi-Ph showed higher and similar release of F (p > 0.001). In the SH, the RMGIC-0.25%Chi-Ph; RMGIC-0.5%Chi-Ph; RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.5%Chi-Ph groups showed similar results after 7 days (p > 0.001). The RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph group showed a better effect on microbial/antibiofilm growth, and the highest efficacy on cell viability (p < 0.001). After 72 h, only the RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph group showed cell viability (p < 0.001). The RMGIC-14%TMPnano-0.25%Chi-Ph did not alter the physical-mechanical properties, was not toxic to fibroblasts and reduced the viability and metabolism of S. mutans. The addition of phosphorylated chitosan and organic phosphate to RMGIC could provide an antibiofilm and remineralizing effect on the tooth enamel of orthodontic patients, who are prone to a high cariogenic challenge due to fluctuations in oral pH and progression of carious lesions.